The Pap test has been the cornerstone of gynecological screening for over 50 years. In a study conducted at the Institute for Laboratory Diagnostics Biotest in Novi Sad, 24856 Pap smear samples were analyzed from 2020 to 2023. The results showed that 99.8% of the samples were adequate for analysis. Vaginal flora in the NILM category was predominantly mixed bacterial flora (61%) and Lactobacillus spp. (28.7%), while an increase in HPV (8.3%) was observed in the category with squamous cell atypia. The conclusion of the study confirms that the Pap test is an effective, rapid, and non-invasive screening test for detecting precancerous and cancerous changes. These results emphasize the importance of regular Pap testing in the prevention of gynecological diseases.