“A good night sleep is very important for good health”, but many children are divested of sleep due to Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB). SDB is defined as a clinical spectrum of repetitive episodes of complete or partial obstruction of the airway during sleep. This disorder consists of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), characterized by prolonged partial upper airway obstruction and/or intermittent complete obstruction that disrupts normal ventilation during sleep and normal sleep patterns. Disruptive sleep pattern may affect the child’s general and social well-being. The first part of this review explores the literature between 1980 to 2014 on pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) that helps in narrating the early diagnosis and treatment interventions that are important to improve child’s long-term cognitive development, social interaction, academic achievement, cardiovascular health and overall wellbeing.