
Benefits such as lower labor costs, higher productivity, and reduced risk of product damage while transferring items or raw materials within industries are fueling market expansion of automated vehicles in logistics. According to Gartner Inc, by 2023, there will be 745,705 autonomous-ready vehicles on the road, up from 137,129 in 20181. Despite the increase in activities and the progress made in the area of the connected and automated vehicle, the idea of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) driving around in everyday traffic within the near future is still faced with a lot of skepticism (Shanker, et al., 2013). However, logistics provides ideal working environments for autonomous vehicles, and it is believed that in near future AVs will be widely used within the clearly defined boundaries of a controlled environment such as ports, distribution centers, and production plants. Thus, it is important for logistics professionals to prepare for their arrival as the smooth adoption of the technology could allow for building a competitive advantage.
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