
Fibulae first appeared at the end of the Late Bronze Age. For a long time, the scientific world was puzzled by the question of where and when they first appeared. Today’s research and studies show that the product in question appeared in south-eastern Europe in the last quarter of the 2nd millennium BC, spread to the Mediterranean basin with waves of migration, and suddenly, different types of products appeared in different geographical areas. Fibulae, at first functional, served as a means of fastening clothing; however, their meaning and use changed over time. Fibulae, which Muscarella likens to “social identity cards” in the Iron Age, have indeed become a significant source of data for the distinction of nations in the Iron Age Mediterranean world, which is in the process of globalisation. It is well known that fibulae, which were associated with men in the Eastern world and with women in the West and which were transformed over time from an ornament to an object of prestige, acquired religious significance thanks to the thousands of fibulae that were presented as votive offerings in Aegean-Mediterranean temples and sanctuaries. A small group of fibulae in the Izmir Archaeological Museum is the subject of this study. The small group, which is to be introduced as an important subtype, consists of examples known in the literature as the Anatolian-Phrygian type. They belong to four subgroups of Type XII in the typology and are generally compatible with Western Anatolian examples dating between the 8th and 6th centuries BCE.
Phrygians, Fibulae, Iron Age, Izmir Archaeology Museum, Western Anatolia.
Phrygians, Fibulae, Iron Age, Izmir Archaeology Museum, Western Anatolia.
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 0 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
