The compression and distortion of neural tissue may result in harm to the nervous system caused by space-occupying lesions (SOLs) in the spinal canal. Current methods for diagnosing SOLs rely on histological examination; however, developments in neuroimaging have revolutionized this practice. Intradural, intradural extramedullary (IDEM), and intramedullary spinal cord tumours (IMSCT) are the three primary types of spinal oncology (SOL) that neuro-spinal surgeons often face. Clinically, treating SOLs in the spinal cord is no easy task. Over five years, researchers from India’s Nalanda Medical College & Hospital (NMCH) in Patna looked at the results of SOL surgeries. To evaluate the patient’s postoperative recovery and quality of life, PROMs were used. The research highlighted the significance of tissue diagnosis in guiding prognosis and treatment options since this anatomical location encounters a varied range of diseases. Surgical resection, which is customized based on tumour location and histology, is still an essential part of treatment. Furthermore, the research demonstrated how cytologic preparations and neuroimaging approaches work hand in hand to provide precise and quick diagnosis. Clinical practice and future research will be informed by the results, which add to our knowledge of the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for SOLs.

The compression and distortion of neural tissue may result in harm to the nervous system caused by space-occupying lesions (SOLs) in the spinal canal. Current methods for diagnosing SOLs rely on histological examination; however, developments in neuroimaging have revolutionized this practice. Intradural, intradural extramedullary (IDEM), and intramedullary spinal cord tumours (IMSCT) are the three primary types of spinal oncology (SOL) that neuro-spinal surgeons often face. Clinically, treating SOLs in the spinal cord is no easy task. Over five years, researchers from India’s Nalanda Medical College & Hospital (NMCH) in Patna looked at the results of SOL surgeries. To evaluate the patient’s postoperative recovery and quality of life, PROMs were used. The research highlighted the significance of tissue diagnosis in guiding prognosis and treatment options since this anatomical location encounters a varied range of diseases. Surgical resection, which is customized based on tumour location and histology, is still an essential part of treatment. Furthermore, the research demonstrated how cytologic preparations and neuroimaging approaches work hand in hand to provide precise and quick diagnosis. Clinical practice and future research will be informed by the results, which add to our knowledge of the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for SOLs.