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Quantitative Assessment Of Different Formulations Of Antimalarials In Sentinel Sites Of India

Authors: Taruna Katyal Arora; Geeta Kumari; Hari Shankar; Neelima Mishra;

Quantitative Assessment Of Different Formulations Of Antimalarials In Sentinel Sites Of India

Abstract

{"references": ["National Vector Borne Disease Control Programmme: Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria. 2014 (http://www.nvbdcp.gov.in/Doc/Diagnosis- Treatment-Malaria-2014.pdf). (Accessed at Feb 1, 2016).", "D. E. Neafsey et al., \"The malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax exhibits greater genetic diversity than Plasmodium falciparum,\" Nat Genet.,vol. 44, no. 9, pp 1046-1050, 2012.", "World Health Organisation, 2007. \"Guidelines for the Diagnosis and treatment of malaria in botswana,\" Third edition. Available at:http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s19269en/s19269en.pdf (Accessed at Feb 1, 2016).", "NVBDCP,2015 \"Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. Third edition. Available at: http://nvbdcp.gov.in/malaria-new.html. Accessed at Feb 1, 2015.", "R. Bate, K. Hess, \"Anti-malarial drug quality in Lagos and Accra - a comparison of various quality assessments,\" Malar J., vol.11, no. 9, pp 157, 2010.", "Y. L. Yong et al, \"Collaborative health and enforcement operations on the quality of antimalarials and antibiotics in southeast Asia,\" Am J Trop Med Hyg., vol. 92, pp 105-112, 2015.", "M. El-Duah, K. Ofori-Kwakye, \"Substandard artemisinin-based antimalarial medicines in licensed retail pharmaceutical outlets in Ghana,\" J Vector Borne Dis., vol. 49, no. 3, pp 131-139, 2012.", "P. N. Newton et al, \"Poor quality vital anti-malarials in Africa - an urgent neglected public health priority,\" Malar J., vol. 13, no. 10, pp 352, 2011.", "A. M. Dondorp et al, \"Fake antimalarials in Southeast Asia are a major impediment to malaria control: multinational cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of fake antimalarials,\" Trop Med Int Health., vol. 9, no. 12, pp 1241-1246, 2004.\n[10]\tM. D. Green, D. M. Hostetler, H. Nettey, I Swamidoss, N. Ranieri, P. N. Newton, \"Integration of novel low-cost colorimetric, laser photometric, and visual fluorescent techniques for rapid identification of falsified medicines in resource-poor areas: application to artemether-lumefantrine,\" Am J Trop Med Hyg., vol. 92, no. 6, pp 8-16, 2015."]}

Substandard and counterfeit antimalarials is a major problem in malaria endemic areas. The availability of counterfeit/ substandard medicines is not only decreasing the efficacy in patients, but it is also one of the contributing factors for developing antimalarial drug resistance. Owing to this, a pilot study was conducted to survey quality of drugs collected from different malaria endemic areas of India. Artesunate+Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine (AS+SP), Artemether-Lumefantrine (AL), Chloroquine (CQ) tablets were randomly picked from public health facilities in selected states of India. The quality of antimalarial drugs from these areas was assessed by using Global Pharma Health Fund Minilab test kit. This includes physical/visual inspection and disintegration test. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out for semi-quantitative assessment of active pharmaceutical ingredients. A total of 45 brands, out of which 21 were for CQ, 14 for AL and 10 for AS+SP were tested from Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), Mizoram, Meghalaya and Gujrat states. One out of 45 samples showed variable disintegration and retension factor. The variable disintegration and retention factor which would have been due to substandard quality or other factors including storage. However, HPLC analysis confirms standard active pharmaceutical ingredient, but may be due to humid temperature and moisture in storage may account for the observed result.

Keywords

substandard, counterfeit, Antimalarial medicines, thin layer chromatography.

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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