{"references": ["Lim Chia, Y. (2015, May 11). Food Waste-Unwanted. Star 2, p. 2. Retrieved June 11, 2015, from http://www.star2.com/living/2015/05/11/ food-waste-issues-are-causing-a-stink/", "Johari, A., Alkali, H., Hashim, H., Ahmed, S. I., & Mat, R. (2014). Municipal Solid Waste Management and Potential Revenue from Recycling in Malaysia. Modern Applied Science, 8(4), 37-49", "Cheah, C. B., & Ramli, M. (2011). The implementation of wood waste ash as a partial cement replacement material in the production of structural grade concrete and mortar: An overview. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 55(7), 669\u2013685. http://doi.org/10.1016/ j.resconrec.2011.02.002", "Ferraro, R. M., Asce, S. M., Nanni, A., Asce, F., Vempati, R. K., Matta, F., & Asce, A. M. (2010). Carbon Neutral Off-White Rice Husk Ash as a Partial White Cement Replacement, (October), 1078\u20131083.", "Huang, X., Ranade, R., & Li, V. C. (2012). Feasibility Study of Developing Green ECC Using Iron Ore Tailings (IOTs) Powder as Cement Replacement. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, (July), 120901010105008. http://doi.org/10.1061/ (ASCE) MT.1943-5533.0000674.", "Al-Tayeb, M. M., Bakar, B. H. A., Ismail, H., & Akil, H. M. (2013). Impact Resistance of Concrete with Low Amount of Powder Rubber as Cement Replacements. AWAM International Conference on Civil Engineering & Geohazard Information Zonation, 2, 145\u2013149.", "Nordin, K. A., Adamu, M., Forouzani, P., & Ismail Mohammad. (2013). Performance of Waste Tyre and Palm Oil Fuel Ash Concrete. Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering, 25(2), 177\u2013189.", "Okonkwo, U. N., Odiong, I. C., & Akpabio, E. E. (2012). The Effects of Eggshell Ash on Strength Properties of Cement-Stabilized Lateritic. International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering & Technology (ISSN: 2180-3242), Vol: 3(Issue: 1), 18\u201325. W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems (Book style).\tBelmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123\u2013135.", "M.O.A Mtallib, & Rabiu, A. (2009). Effects of Eggshells Ash (ESA). Effects of Eggshells Ash (ESA) On the Setting Time of Cement, 28 No. (Nigerian Journal of Technology), 29\u201338.\n[10]\tBS EN 196-6:2010 for the concrete works which are Method of Testing Cement, Determination of Fineness \n[11]\tBS 4550-6:1978: Method of Testing Cement, Standard Sand for Mortar Cube \n[12]\tMS EN 196-3:2007: Methods of testing cement- Part 3: Determination of setting times and soundness. Malaysian European Standard, 2007."]}

This research paper reports on the feasibility and viability of eggshells ash and its effects on the water content and setting time of cement. An experiment was carried out to determine the quantity of water required in order to follow standard cement paste of normal consistency in accordance with MS EN 196-3:2007. The eggshells ash passing the 90µm sieve was used in the investigation. Eggshells ash with percentage of 0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% were constituted to replace the cement. Chemical properties of both eggshells ash and cement are compared. From the results obtained, both eggshells ash and cement have the same chemical composition and primary composition which is the calcium compounds. Results from the setting time show that by adding the eggshells ash to the cement, the setting time of the cement decreases. In short, the higher amount of eggshells ash, the faster the rate of setting and apply to all percentage of eggshells ash that were used in this investigation. Both initial and final setting times fulfill the setting time requirements by Malaysian Standard. Hence, it is suggested that eggshells ash can be used as an admixture in concrete mix.