The original contributions presented in the research entitled"Identification of novel cytoskeleton protein gene defect involved in Sperm and Sertoli cell of non-obstructive azoospermia based on microarray and bioinformatics analysis" are included in the article/Supplementary Material; further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author or the supplementary files. Based on a comparative analysis of gene expression profiles between infertile and control subjects, Supplemental 1 highlights 42 differentially expressed genes (RefSeq annotated) in sperm and Sertoli cells (774 cytoskeleton genes). Figure 2 shows a Volcano plot and heat map (raw microarray data in supplementary 1 for sperm and supplementary 2 for Sertoli cell). As can be seen in Figure 3 and Table 3, these results are presented in graphs and tables 3, and supplementary 3 for sperm and supplementary 4 for Sertoli cells, respectively. To delve into NOA's heterogeneity, we conducted unsupervised clustering on 28 samples—21 from healthy individuals and 7 from NOA patients (detailed in Supplementary 5). There is evidence that these microRNAs are involved in upregulation and downregulation of PACSIN2, ASB1, STMN1, TTLL9, KIRREL3, and DVL3 (Figure 9 b and Figure 9 d) (supplementary 6 for sperm analysis and supplementary 7 for Sertoli cell analysis.