Purpose. Intensification of chemical pollution of the environment as a result of the activities of industrial, energy, agricultural, and transport facilities leads to risks to human health. This article examines the prospects of using human biological monitoring in the system of rational regulation of chemicals and waste based on modern scientific approaches and global practices. Justifications are provided for the necessity of conducting scientific research aimed at developing a concept for the implementation of human biological monitoring to assess the risk of exposure to priority chemical substances. This will enable the formulation of national policies aimed at minimizing risks to health and the environment arising from chemical pollution. Methods. An analysis of scientific data was conducted regarding the use of human biological monitoring to assess the risk of exposure to chemical pollutants. For the study, databases such as Hinari (WHO), Medscape, Medline, and Cochrane-Library were utilized, using keywords such as: human biological monitoring; chemical pollutants; habitat; health status. Results. Based on the analysis of data on modern approaches in the field of applying biological monitoring, the article provides justifications for the necessity of conducting scientific-practical research on this issue. Tasks and expected results are outlined. Conclusions. The expected results of scientific and practical research, for the first time in the Republic of Moldova, will allow for the identification and prioritization of chemical substances with the greatest impact on the health of the population and the environment. This will aid in determining effective policies for sustainable management of chemical substances.