{"references": ["W. Paterson, \"Road Deterioration and Maintenance Effects: Models for\nplanning and Management,\" Baltimore: The John Hopkins University\npress, 1987.", "O. M. Ogundipe, \"Road pavement failure caused by poor soil properties\nalong Aramoko-Ilesa highway, Nigeria,\" Journal of engineering and\napplied sciences, 2008, 3(3), pp. 239-241.", "N. Okigbo, \"Road maintenance in Nigeria, the way forward,\"\nInternational journal of research in engineering science, Pan African\njournal series, Accra, Ghana, 2012.", "A. S. Harischandra, Identification of road defects, causes of road\ndeterioration and relationship among them for bitumen penetration\nmacadam roads in Sri Lanka. Master Thesis at The University of\nMoratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2004.", "P. Croney, and D. Croney, The Design and Performance of Road\nPavements. New York City: McGraw-Hill Professional, 1998.", "O. G. Omer, A. M. Elsharief and A. E. Mohamed, \"Failure Investigation\nfor Recently Constructed Road in Khartoum State,\" Journal of\nGeological Resource and Engineering 2, David Publishing Press, 2014,\npp 20-31.", "T. M. Oguara, A management model for road infrastructure\nmaintenance. Book of proceedings, 19th engineering assembly, Council\nfor the regulation of engineering in Nigeria, 2010.", "M. Sargious, Pavement and Surfacing for Highways and Airports.\nLondon: Applied Science Publishers Ltd, 1975.", "S. Y. Wee, R. B. Chan, and H. W. Teo, \"Potential modeling of pavement\ndeterioration rate due to cracking,\" UNIMAS E-Journal of Civil\nEngineering, Vol 1, issue 1, August 2009.\n[10] D.Y. Patil Abhijit, Y. B. Patil Prathisthan's, and A. Patil Polytechnic,\n\"Effects of Bad Drainage on Roads,\" Civil and Environmental Research,\nVol. 1, No.1, 2011.\n[11] N. D. Little, and R. D. Jones, \"Chemical and Mechanical Processes of\nMoisture Damage in Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavements,\" Moisture Sensitivity\nof Asphalt Pavements- A National Seminar, February 4\u20136, 2003 San\nDiego, California. Transportation Research Board of the National\nAcademics, 2003.\n[12] N. P. Khosla, G. B. Birdsall, and S. Kawaguchi, \"An In-Depth\nEvaluation of Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Mixtures,\" NCDOT\nResearch Project 1998-08 FHWA/NC/2002-102, 1999.\n[13] K. D. Stuart, \"Moisture Damage in Asphalt Mixtures- A State-of-Art\nReport, FHWARD-90-019, Federal Highway Administration, U.S\nDepartment of Transportation, Washington, D.C., 20001., 1990.\n[14] R.S. Rollings, \"Marginal Materials for Pavement Construction,\" Final\nReport, Department of the Army Waterways Experiment Station Corps\nof Engineers, US. Vicksburg Mississippi 39180-0631, 1988.\n[15] O. M. Osuolale, A. A. Oseni, and I. A. Sanni, \"Investigation of Highway\nPavement Failure Along Ibadan - Iseyin Road, Oyo State, Nigeria,\"\nInternational Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)\nVol. 1 Issue 8, October \u2013 2012.\n[16] D. N. Little, and R. Graves, \"Upgrading Marginal Aggregate Bases And\nHigh-Fines Bases With Low Levels of Stabilizers,\" Texas\nTransportation Institute, Texas A&M University and Vulcan Materials\nCompany, 1999.\n[17] D. N. Little, T. Scullion, P. Kota, and J. Bhuiyan, \"Identification of the\nStructural Benefits of Base and Subgrade Stabilization,\" Research\nReport 1287-2F, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University,\nCollege Station, Texas, 1995.\n[18] S. Sebesta, \"Reworking Base, \"Presented at Statewide Maintenance,\"\nConference, San Antonio, TX, April 16, 2002.\n[19] S. Sebesta, \"Investigation of Maintenance of Base Repairs over\nExpansive Soil,\" FHWA/TX-03/0-4395-1, 2005.\n[20] W. Charlie, M. Osman and E. Ali, \"Construction on Expansive Soils in\nSudan,\" Journal of Construction Engineering Management, American\nSociety of Civil Engineers, Construction Division. Vol. 110 No. 3, pp.\n359\u2013374, 1984.\n[21] BS 1377-2, Soils for civil engineering purposes: part 2:\nClassificationtests.1990."]}

It is quite essential to investigate the causes of pavement deterioration in order to select the proper maintenance technique. The objective of this study was to identify factors cause deterioration of recently constructed roads in Khartoum state. A comprehensive literature concerning the factors of road deterioration, common road defects and their causes were reviewed. Three major road projects with different deterioration reasons were selected for this study. The investigation involved field survey and laboratory testing on those projects to examine the existing pavement conditions. The results revealed that the roads investigated experienced severe failures in the forms of cracks, potholes, and rutting in the wheel path. The causes of those failures were found mainly linked to poor drainage, traffic overloading, expansive subgrade soils, and the use of low quality materials in construction. Based on the results, recommendations were provided to help highway engineers in selecting the most effective repair techniques for specific kinds of distresses.