Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal disorder, affecting a significant proportion of women. It’s wide spread prevalence and severe health implications make It a critical public health issue. Aim and Objectives: This study was done to identify the prevalence, microbiological characteristics, and underlying causes of BV. Materials and methods: This hospital-based case-control study was conducted on patients presenting with abnormal vaginal discharge, pregnant women, women experiencing preterm labor, women with a history of hysterectomy or medical termination of pregnancy (MTP), and women using intra uterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs). Results: Nearly half (48%) of bacterial vaginosis (BV) cases identified using the Nugent scoring system were found to harbor Gardnerella vaginalis (G.vaginalis) bacteria. A higher prevalence of G.vaginalis isolation was linked to an elevated vaginal pH, exceeding 4.5. Clue cell detection demonstrated a sensitivity of 69.23% and a specificity of 86.95%, while the amine test displayed a sensitivity of 73.07% and a specificity of 66.30%. Metronidazole, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol are effective antimicrobials against G.vaginalis infections. Conclusion: Bacterial vaginosis is a common health problem in women of reproductive age. Given the prevalence and adverse consequences of BV, implementing routine screening and effective management strategies is crucial to prevent future complications.

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal disorder, affecting a significant proportion of women. It’s wide spread prevalence and severe health implications make It a critical public health issue. Aim and Objectives: This study was done to identify the prevalence, microbiological characteristics, and underlying causes of BV. Materials and methods: This hospital-based case-control study was conducted on patients presenting with abnormal vaginal discharge, pregnant women, women experiencing preterm labor, women with a history of hysterectomy or medical termination of pregnancy (MTP), and women using intra uterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs). Results: Nearly half (48%) of bacterial vaginosis (BV) cases identified using the Nugent scoring system were found to harbor Gardnerella vaginalis (G.vaginalis) bacteria. A higher prevalence of G.vaginalis isolation was linked to an elevated vaginal pH, exceeding 4.5. Clue cell detection demonstrated a sensitivity of 69.23% and a specificity of 86.95%, while the amine test displayed a sensitivity of 73.07% and a specificity of 66.30%. Metronidazole, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol are effective antimicrobials against G.vaginalis infections. Conclusion: Bacterial vaginosis is a common health problem in women of reproductive age. Given the prevalence and adverse consequences of BV, implementing routine screening and effective management strategies is crucial to prevent future complications.