
RESUMEN | El presente estudio analizó las variaciones de temperatura durante el cultivo de Penaeus vannamei en sistemas abiertos con un método de transferencia trifasico para comprender los patrones de variación en las estaciones lluviosa (EL) y seca (ES) y su efecto sobre el oxígeno disuelto (OD), el consumo de alimento y el rendimiento de producción de camarón. En la ES la mínima temperatura se registró por la mañana en la Fase 1 con 23,8 °C y la máxima temperatura por la tarde en la Fase 3 con 29,8 °C. En la EL, la mínima temperatura fue de 20,5 °C y la máxima por la tarde con 34,7 °C, correspondientes a la fase 3 de cultivo. En la ES La mínima concentración de oxígeno se registró en la Fase 1 con 2,04 mg/L y la máxima con 11,8 mg/L en la tarde. En la EL la mínima concentración de OD en el agua la se registró en la fase 1 con 2,16 mg/L y la máxima fue en el atardecer de las fases 2 y 3 con 11,8 mg/L. Durante la EL, la temperatura tuvo una variabilidad más significativa que en la ES, mientras que las concentraciones de OD registradas en ambas estaciones no fueron significativamente diferentes. Durante la EL se registró mayor mortalidad y un crecimiento semanal superior en comparación con la ES. Sin embargo, la biomasa producida en la ES fue 17,62% superior, generando mejores ingresos económicos. Los patrones estacionales en Ecuador están aumentando la temperatura por encima de los niveles permisibles, influyendo en las concentraciones de OD en el agua y afectando la productividad del camarón P. vannamei en sistemas de cultivo abierto. ABSTRACT | The present study analyzed the variations of water temperature during the cultivation of Penaeus vannamei in open systems with a three-phase transfer method, to understand the variation patterns in the dry (DS) and rainy (RS) seasons and their effect on the dissolved oxygen, feed consumption, and yield shrimp production. During the DS the minimum temperature was recorded in the morning in the phase 1 at 23.8 °C, and the maximum temperature in the afternoon in phase 3 at 29.8 °C. In the RS, the minimum temperature was 20.5 °C and the maximum in the afternoon was 34.7 °C, both temperatures corresponding to phase 3 of cultivation. The minimum oxygen concentration in the DS was recorded in Phase 1 at 2.04 mg/L and the maximum at 11.8 mg/L in the afternoon. In the RS, the minimum concentration of DO in the water was recorded in phase 1 with 2.16 mg/L, and the maximum was in the evening of phases 2 and 3 with 11.8 mg/L. During the RS, the temperature had more significant variability than the DS, while DO concentrations recorded in both seasons were not significantly different. During the RS, higher mortality and weekly growth were recorded compared to the DS, but the biomass produced in the DS was 17.62% higher, generating better economic income. The seasonal patterns in Ecuador are increasing the temperature above permissible levels influencing the DO concentrations in the water and affecting the productivity of the shrimp P. vannamei in open culture systems.
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