In the article, it is written in detail that neuroinfections are one of the leading children's infectious diseases, and after neuroinfections, unpleasant consequences occur in half of children, that is, disability with organic symptoms. Similarly, it was explained that part of the structures of the central nervous system are more susceptible to the influence of pathogenic factors, that they are important in the functioning of the nervous system, and that they depend on the development of the brain depending on the age of the child.The article shows the main causes of disability that develops after neuroinfections, risk factors, and measures to prevent children's disability, which are the main problems of the children's health care system. As one of the most effective measures for early detection and prevention of disabling neuroinfections, the registry of rare neuroinfections is detailed, as well as rehabilitation of neuroinfections.