Mosquitoes transmit many life threatening parasitic and viral diseases including filariasis (Culex, Mansonia and Anopheles spp.), yellow fever (Aedes aegypti), dengue fever (Ae. aegypti) and malaria (Anopheles spp.), with malaria being the most important mosquito-borne disease. An estimated 216 million reported malaria cases resulted in 655,000 deaths worldwide in 2010 alone. Various strategies have been tried to control mosquito populations in the last 100 years, including the use of chemical pesticides and biological control agents (entomophagous bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites and predators). In addition to affecting human health and harmful effects on the environment, the indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides has led to development of pesticide resistance reducing the effectiveness of this control strategy. Hence, new strategies to control insect disease-vector populations more effectively are under evaluation. To be effective, these strategies must be, 1) insect vector or pathogen specific, 2) robust or catalytic in mode of action, 3) stable over long periods of time, 4) simple and efficient to deliver and man-age 5) have low cost, and 6) self-sustainable with little or no impact on non-target organisms.