Orthochirus Karsch, 1892 (Figs. 1–176, Tables 1–2) Orthochirus Karsch, 1892: 306; Fet & Lowe, 2000: 193–200 (complete references list); Kovařík, 2004: 4–23, figs. 1–8, table 1; Fet et al., 2003: 69–72, figs. 1–5; Kovařík & Fet, 2006: 1–10, figs. 1–9; Navidpour et al., 2008a: 14–22, figs. 19, 23–30, 93–102; Kovařík, 2009: 31. = Orthodactylus Karsch, 1881: 90, a junior homonym of Orthodactylus Hitchcock, 1858 (Reptilia), type species: Orthodactylus olivaceus Karsch, 1881 = Orthochirus scrobiculosus (Grube, 1873) (syn. by Kraepelin, 1895: 84). = Simonoides Vachon et Farzanpay in Farzanpay, 1987: 162, type species: Simonoides farzanpayi Vachon et Farzanpay, 1987; Farzanpay, 1988: 40; Fet & Lowe, 2000: 223 (syn. by Kovařík & Fet, 2006: 2). = Afghanorthochirus Lourenço & Vachon, 1997: 330, type species: Afghanoorthochirus erardi Lourenço & Vachon, 1997; Kovařík, 1998: 120 (syn. by Kovařík, 2004: 5). = Paraorthochirus Lourenco & Vachon, 1995: 299, type species: Paraorthochirus stockwelli Lourenço et Vachon, 1995; Lourenco & Vachon, 1997: 329, Fet & Lowe, 2000: 211 (syn. by Navidpour et al., 2008a: 17). Pseudorthochirus [sic]: Lourenco & Vachon, 1995: 304. TYPE SPECIES: Orthodactylus olivaceus Karsch, 1881 = Orthochirus scrobiculosus (Grube, 1873). DIAGNOSIS: Total length of adults 22–50 mm. Patella of pedipalp without ventral trichobothria. Dorsal trichobothria of femur arranged in beta-configuration. Trichobothrium d 2 of pedipalp femur absent or present on dorsal surface. Chelicerae with typical buthid dentition (Vachon, 1963), ventral aspect of fixed finger with two denticles. Tibial spurs present on legs III and IV. Pectines with fulcra and densely hirsute. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 7–10 rows of denticles and 2–5 subterminal denticles. Carapace in lateral view distinctly inclined downward from median eyes to anterior margin. Metasomal segments I and II with carinae. Metasomal segments IV and V ventrally punctated. Telson elongate, aculeus as long or longer than vesicle. Total length under 60 mm.

Published as part of Kovařík, František, Yağmur, Ersen Aydin, Fet, Victor & Hussen, Fenik Sherzad, 2019, A review of Orthochirus from Turkey, Iraq, and Iran (Khoozestan, Ilam, and Lorestan Provinces), with descriptions of three new species (Scorpiones: Buthidae), pp. 1-31 in Euscorpius 278 on pages 1-3