{"references": ["L.C. Briand, Y. Labiche and S. He, \"Automating regression test\nselection based on UML designs\", 2008, pp 16-30.", "Anjaneyulu Pasala, Yann G. Rothermel, M.J. Harrold, J. Debhia,\nRegression test selection for C++ software, Journal of Software Testing,\nVerification, and Reliability, 2000 pp 77-109.", "ick LH, Fady A, Appala Raju G and Ravi P Gorthi, \"Selection of\nregression test suite to validate software applications upon deployment\nof upgrades\", 19th Australian Software Engineering conference, 25-28\nMarch 2008, pp 130-138.", "Ravi P Gorthi, Anjaneyulu Pasala, Kailash KP and Benny Leong,\n\"Specification-based approach to select regression test suite to validate\nchange software\", 15th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering conference,\n2008, pp 153-160.", "Apiwattanapong, T., Orso, A., and Harrold, M.J., \"JDiff: A Differencing\nTechnique and Tool for Object--Oriented Programs\", Journal of\nAutomated Software Engineering, Vol 14, No. 1, March 2007, pp 3-36.", "Anjaneyulu P, Yannick LH Lew, and Ravi Prakash G, \"How to Select\nRegression Tests to Validate Applications upon Deployment of\nUpgrades\", Vol. 6, No. 1, 2008, pp 55 - 62.", "Xiaoxia R, Barbara G R, Maximilian S and Frank T, \"Chianti: A\nprototype change impact analysis tool for Java\", Proceedings of 27th\nInternational Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), St. Louis,\nUSA, May 15-21, 2005, pp 664-665.", "T. Koju, S. Takada, N. Doi, \"Regression test selection based on\nintermediate code for virtual machines\", Proceeding of International\nConference on Software Maintenance (ICSM 03), 2003 , pp 1-10.", "Orest P, Hunay U, and Andrews A, \"Regression Testing UML Designs\",\nProceedings of 22nd IEEE International Conference on Software\nMaintenance (ICSM), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, September 24-27,\n2006, pp254-264.\n[10] A. Ali, A. Nadeem, M.Z. Iqbal, M. Usman, \"Regression testing based on\nUML design models\", 13th IEEE International Symposium on Pacific\nRim Dependable Computing, 2007, pp 85-88.\n[11] A. Orso, N. Shi and M.J. Harrold, \"Scaling regression testing to large\nsoftware systems\", Proceeding of the 12th ACMSIGSOFT International\nSymposium on Foundation of Software Engineering, 2004, pp 241-251.\n[12] G. Rothermel, M.J. Harrold, \"Analysing regression test selection\ntechniques\", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering , 1996, pp\n529-551.\n[13] M. Skoglund and P. Runeson, \"A Case Study of The Class Firewall\nRegression Test Selection Technique on a Large Scale Distributed\nSoftware System\" IEEE, 2005, pp74-83.\n[14] E. Martins and V.G. Vieira, \"Regression test selection for testable\nclasses\", ENCS 2005, pp 453-470.\n[15] L.C. Briand, Y. Labiche, G. Soccar, \"Automating impact analysis and\nregression test selection based on UML designs\", International\nConference on software Maintenance, 2002, pp 252-261.\n[16] Y. Chen, R.L. Probert, D.P. Sims, Specification based Regression test\nselection with risk analysis, in: Proceedings of Conference of the Center\nfor Advance Studies on Collaborative Research, 2002.\n[17] H. Agrawal, J.R. Horgan, E.W. Krauser and S.A. London, \"Incremental\nRegression Testing\", Proceedings of IEEE Conference on software\nMaintenance,1993, pp 348-357.\n[18] M.J. Harrold, J.A. Jones, T. Li, D. Liang, A. Orso, M. Pennings, S.\nSinha, S.A. Spoon, Regression test selection for java software, in:\nProceedings of ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming,\nSystems, Languages, and Applications (OOPSLA-01), 2001, pp 312-\n326.\n[19] T. Apiwattanapong, A. Orso, M.J. Harrold, \"A differencing algorithm\nfor object-oriented programs\", Proceedings of the 19th IEEE\nInternational Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE\n2004), 2004, pp 2-13.\n[20] G. Rothermel, M.J. Harrold, \"A. Safe, Efficient regression test selection\ntechnique\", ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and\nMethodology, 1997, pp 173-210.\n[21] Baradhi G and Mansour N, \"A Comparative study of Five Regression\nTesting Algorithms\", Proceedings of Australian Software Engineering\nConference (ASWEC), Sydney, Australia, 1997, pp 174-183.\n[22] Graves T L, Harrold M J, Kim J, Porter A and Rothermel M, \"An\nempirical Study of Regression Test Selection Techniques\", ACM\nTransactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, Vol. 10, No. 2,\nApril 2001, pp 184-208."]}

Regression testing is a maintenance activity applied to modified software to provide confidence that the changed parts are correct and that the unchanged parts have not been adversely affected by the modifications. Regression test selection techniques reduce the cost of regression testing, by selecting a subset of an existing test suite to use in retesting modified programs. This paper presents the first general regression-test-selection technique, which based on code and allows selecting test cases for any programs written in any programming language. Then it handles incomplete program. We also describe RTSDiff, a regression-test-selection system that implements the proposed technique. The results of the empirical studied that performed in four programming languages java, C#, Cµ and Visual basic show that the efficiency and effective in reducing the size of test suit.