Data information This dataset provides annual aggregated predictors BSF, minNDTI, and NOS for the year 2019. They are calculated as follows: minNDTI (minimum NDTI) is determined as the minimum value of the six NDTI values over a year (Zheng et al., 2012). BSF (bare soil fraction) is calculated by dividing the number of pixels classified as bare surface within a year's time series (identified by the criterion of NDVI values below 0.35) by the total number of pixels analyzed in that year (Castaldi et al., 2019). NOS (number of seasons) indicates the frequency of cropping cycles within a year, calculated by counting NDVI peaks throughout the year (Li et al., 2014, Liu et al., 2020). As a part of a Data Cube This data represents a subset of the Time-series of Landsat-based Spectral Indices (EU, 30m) data cube. For a comprehensive overview and full dataset information, please visit the landing page of this data cube using the provided link. To cite this dataset, refer to the DOI available on the landing page. To access other data layers in the data cube, use the navigation catalog on the landing page as well. Support If you discover a bug, artifact, or inconsistency, or if you have a question, please raise a Github Issue!