One major problem that humanity has been confronting recently is water quality. Since water cannot be substituted for other environmental elements, it is kept apart from them. The fundamental dynamics of the life and economic cycles are made up of the water cycle. Water resources are finite and subject to numerous adverse consequences caused by humans. Water contamination is one of the important research topics that has drawn the interest of environmentalists and researchers because to its profound impact on the lives of people, animals, and plants. It is more closely related to soil and air contamination than it is less dangerous. This study focuses mostly on the sources of various water pollutants and their present condition in the environment and ecosystem. It discusses the scientific developments made recently to address water pollution. It is anticipated that this study will add to the body of knowledge on the topic and lower the degree of contamination in water resources.