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ZENODO
Book . 2024
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Book . 2024
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Book . 2024
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Datacite
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La diversidad en las lenguas: la animacidad

Authors: CRESPO CANTALAPIEDRA, IGOR;

La diversidad en las lenguas: la animacidad

Abstract

🇪🇸 La animacidad, es decir, la distinción entre lo que es humano y no humano, o entre lo que se considera animado e inanimado constituye una noción de carácter semántico que ha ocupado siempre un segundo plano en las descripciones lingüísticas, pero que, sin embargo, condiciona en gran medida la gramática de las lenguas y resulta esencial a la hora de entender el funcionamiento de fenómenos muy diversos, como pueden ser el establecimiento de clases nominales, la marcación y la concordancia de género, número y caso, el orden de palabras, la selección argumental y un larguísimo etcétera. Sin ir más lejos, por ejemplo, en español la animacidad sirve de base para la distinción entre parejas como algo ~ alguien o qué ~ quién, y para explicar por qué decimos Vi a Pedro pero no *Vi a la película. Asimismo, en inglés resulta fundamental para entender el empleo del genitivo sajón (Peter’s house) y de su correspondiente construcción preposicional (the doors of the house). Este segundo volumen de la serie sobre tipología lingüística titulada La diversidad en las lenguas: un viaje gramatical alrededor del mundo, ha sido concebido como un breve manual introductorio especialmente dirigido a estudiantes de Lingüística y Filología, pero abierto a todo el público hispanohablante interesado en el tema. Tomando como base la obra de Santazilia (2023), se analiza el concepto de animacidad desde una perspectiva biológica, antropológica, cognitiva y gramatical, estudiando el modo como la animacidad se plasma en forma de rasgo lingüístico con valores fijos ([± humano], [± animado]), como condición que determina cuándo una categoría ha de ser marcada y con qué valores, y como escala o jerarquía graduada que cataloga las entidades en orden decreciente de animacidad. Igualmente, se analiza la vinculación entre la animacidad y otras nociones gramaticales como la empatía, la definitud o la especificidad, al tiempo que se pasa revista a los mecanismos formales que permiten la expresión de la animacidad en las lenguas y se hace una extensa enumeración y estudio pormenorizado de los distintos y diversos fenómenos lingüísticos que se ven afectados por la animacidad. 🇺🇸 🇬🇧 Animacy, that is, the distinction between what is human and non-human, or between what is considered animate and inanimate, constitutes a semantic notion that has always occupied a second place in linguistic descriptions, but which greatly conditions, nevertheless, the grammar of languages and is essential when it comes to understanding the functioning of very diverse phenomena, such as the establishment of nominal classes, marking and agreement of gender, number and case, word order, argument selection and a very long etcetera. Without going any further, for example, in Spanish animacy serves as a basis for the distinction between pairs as algo (something) ~ alguien (somebody) or qué (what) ~ quién (who), and to explain why in Spanish we say Vi a Pedro (I saw Peter) but not *Vi a la película (I saw the movie). Likewise, in English it is essential to understand the use of the Saxon genitive (Peter's house) and its corresponding prepositional construction (the doors of the house). This second volume of the series on linguistic typology entitled Diversity in languages: a grammatical journey around the world, has been conceived as a brief introductory manual especially aimed at students of Linguistics and Philology, but open to the entire Spanish-speaking public interested in the issue. Based on the work of Santazilia (2023), the concept of animacy is analyzed from a biological, anthropological, cognitive and grammatical perspective, studying the way in which animacy is expressed in the form of a linguistic feature with fixed values ([± human], [± animate]), as a condition that determines when a category must be marked and with what values, and as a scale or graduated hierarchy that catalogs entities in decreasing order of animacy. Likewise, the link between animacy and other grammatical notions such as empathy, definiteness or specificity is analyzed. Besides, the formal mechanisms that allow the expression of animacy in languages are reviewed and an extensive enumeration and detailed study of the different and diverse linguistic phenomena that are affected by animacy is also made.

Keywords

Alineamiento nominativo-acusativo, Ergative-absolutive aligment, Animacidad, Individuación, Jerarquía de animacidad, Tipología Lingüística, Número gramatical, Coordinación, Animacy Hierarchy, Concordancia, Agentividad, Lingüística, Sustantivación, Case, Animacy, Animate, Alineamiento ergativo-absolutivo, Rol semántico, Possession, Agentivity, Voz, Nominalization, Orden de palabras, Human, Animado, Obviación, Evidentiality, Argument selection, Semantic role, Posesión, Agreement, Topicality, Individuation, Caso, Grammatical voice, Evidencialidad, Grammatical gender, Género gramatical, Topicalidad, Humano, Selección argumental, Word order, Incorporación nominal, Linguistics, Nominal incorporation, Coordination, FOS: Languages and literature, Obviation, Nominative-accusative aligment, Empathy, Linguistic Typology, Empatía, Grammatical number

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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