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Dataset . 2023
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Data sources: Datacite
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ZENODO
Dataset . 2023
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
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ZENODO
Dataset . 2024
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Dataset . 2024
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Artifact description: CloverLeaf on Intel Multi-Core CPUs: A Case Study in Write-Allocate Evasion

Authors: Laukemann, Jan; Gruber, Thomas; Hager, Georg; Oryspayev, Dossay; Wellein, Gerhard;

Artifact description: CloverLeaf on Intel Multi-Core CPUs: A Case Study in Write-Allocate Evasion

Abstract

In this paper we analyze the MPI-only version of the CloverLeaf code from the SPEChpc 2021 benchmark suite on recent Intel Xeon "Ice Lake" and "Sapphire Rapids" server CPUs. We observe peculiar breakdowns in performance when the number of processes is prime. Investigating this effect, we create first-principles data traffic models for each of the stencil-like hotspot loops. With application measurements and microbenchmarks to study memory data traffic behavior, we can connect the breakdowns to SpecI2M, a new write-allocate evasion feature in current Intel CPUs. For serial and full-node cases we are able to predict the memory data volume analytically with an error of a few percent. We find that if the number of processes is prime, SpecI2M fails to work properly, which we can attribute to short inner loops emerging from the one-dimensional domain decomposition in this case. We can also rule out other possible causes of the prime number effect, such as breaking layer conditions, MPI communication overhead, and load imbalance.

Keywords

SPEChpc 2021, SpecI2M, Intel Sapphire Rapids, write allocate, Intel Ice Lake, non-temporal stores, CloverLeaf

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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