Abstract The present work confirm that burden of Kala-azar is disproportionately borne by vulnerable and marginalized groups. Kala-azar is most entrenched in the poorest communities. Elimination of Kala-azar is directly related to poverty alleviation because if the poverty incidence reduces, it will lead to reduction of Kala-azar incidence. The strategy for disease control or elimination should shift from traditional disease-centered approaches to a holistic approach that can break the links between poverty and Kala-azar. Key word: Kala-azar, Socio-Economic Factors, Harwa Jabbar Jheel