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Résistance à la surverse - Essais in situ

Resistance to overflow- Field tests
Authors: Nicaise, S.; Picault, C.; Chaouch, N.; Byron, F.; Grémeaux, Y.; Doghmane, A.; Crampette, F.; +2 Authors

Résistance à la surverse - Essais in situ

Abstract

Pour quantifier l’hydraulique et la résistance d’un sol à l’érosion causée par la surverse de digues en remblais, INRAE a développé en 2015 un dispositif de terrain basé sur la norme ASTM-D6460. Deux essais ont été réalisés en mai 2022 sur un barrage latéral de la Compagnie Nationale du Rhône de 6,2 m de haut à Montfaucon (Gard), avec des débits compris entre 13 et 140 l · s–1 par mètre linéaire (hauteur d’eau en crête de 4 à 18 cm). Le premier essai a été réalisé sur le sol intact, recouvert d’un enherbement naturel, dans un canal de 1 m de large et de 25 m de long, en 12 étapes de 30 minutes (6 heures d’écoulement au total, vitesse maximale d’écoulement 4.0 m · s–1, contrainte établie 20 Pa). Aucune érosion significative de l’enherbement naturel n’a été observée. Un affouillement d’environ 1,10 m de profondeur et de 4 m3 a été créé dans la recharge en graviers en pied de digue. Le second essai a été réalisé sur le sol décapé du couvert végétal afin d’étudier la résistance du sol du talus, constitué de limon sableux compacté en partie haute et de sable graveleux en partie basse, dans un canal de 60 cm de large et de 20m de long, en 9 paliers de 30 min (4,5 heures d’écoulement au total, vitesse maximale d’écoulement 2,6 m · s–1, contrainte établie 110 Pa). Le limon compacté a été érodé sur quelques centimètres par l’écoulement de surface. Le sable graveleux a été érodé dès 5,7 cm de hauteur d’eau en crête, ce qui a conduit à une érosion sur 10 m de long, d’une profondeur maximale de 1,30 m et d’une largeur maximale de 1,80 m, soit 9 m3 de sol érodé. Un profil 3D réalisé par Lidar montre que cette érosion est assimilable à la formation d’un début de brèche (approfondissement). Les enseignements sont les suivants : i) toutes ces observations n’étaient a priori pas prévisibles à partir des essais d’érosion précédemment réalisés en laboratoire et in situ (essais d’érosion Jet et HET) ; ii) la remarquable résistance de l’enherbement naturel ; iii) l’intérêt des essais de surverse, permettant de quantifier les écoulements en termes de vitesses et contraintes, et d’érosion.

To quantify hydraulics and resistance to erosion caused by the overflowing of levees, INRAE developed a field test device in 2015, based on the ASTM-D6460 standard. Two field tests were carried out in May 2022 on a 6.2 m-high CNR (Compagnie Nationale du Rhône) canal embankment at Montfaucon (Gard), with flows ranging from 13 to 140 l · s–1 per meter (water height at crest ranging from 4 to 18 cm). The first test was carried out on an intact soil, covered with natural grass, in a channel 1 m wide and 25 m long, in 12 stages of 30 min (6 hours of flow in total, maximum flow velocity 4.0 m · s–1, established stress 20 Pa). No significant erosion of the natural grass cover was observed. A scour approximately 1.10 m deep and 4 m3 in volume was observed in the gravel fill at the bottom of the embankment. The second test was carried out on a soil stripped of vegetation cover to investigate the strength of the slope soil, consisting of compacted sandy silt at the top and gravelly sand at the bottom, in a channel 60 cm wide and 20 m long, in 9 stages of 30 min (4.5 hours of flow in total, maximum flow velocity 2.6 m · s–1, established stress 110 Pa). The compacted silt was eroded over a few centimeters by the surface flow. The gravelly sand was eroded from 5.7 cm water depth at the crest, leading to erosion over a 10 m length, with a maximum depth of 1.30 m and a maximum width of 1.80 m, representing 9 m3 of eroded soil. A 3D Lidar profile shows that this erosion can be linked to a breach starting process (deepening). The findings are as follows: i) all these observations were not foreseeable from erosion tests previously carried out in the laboratory and in situ (Jet and HET erosion tests); ii) the remarkable resistance of the natural grass cover; iii) the value of overflow tests, enabling flows to be quantified in terms of velocities and stresses, and erosion.

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Keywords

remblai, in-situ test, surverse, digue, overflow, dyke, érosion, essai in-situ, erosion, embankment

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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