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Evaluation Of Zinc Status In The Sediments Of The Kaohsiung Ocean Disposal Site, Taiwan

Authors: Chiu-Wen Chen; Chih-Feng Chen; Cheng-Di Dong;

Evaluation Of Zinc Status In The Sediments Of The Kaohsiung Ocean Disposal Site, Taiwan

Abstract

{"references": ["C.W. Chen, C.M. Kao, C.F. Chen, and C.D. Dong, \"Distribution and\naccumulation of heavy metals in the sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor,\nTaiwan,\" Chemosphere, vol. 66, pp. 1431-1440, 2007.", "C.W. Chen, C.F. Chen, C.D. Dong, and Y.T. Tu, \"Composition and\nsource apportionment of PAHs in sediments at river mouths and channel\nin Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan,\" Journal of Environmental Monitoring,\nvol. 14, pp. 105-115, 2012.", "E. Callender, \"Heavy metals in the environment\u00d4\u00c7\u00f6historical trends,\"\nTreatise on Geochemistry, vol. 9, pp. 67-105, 2003.", "E.R. Long, D.D. MacDonald, S.L. Smith, and F.D. Calder, \"Incidence of\nadverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in\nmarine and estuarine sediments,\" Environmental Management, vol. 19, pp.\n81-97, 1995.", "I. Riba, C. Casado-Mart\u251c\u00a1nez, J.M. Forja, A. del Valls, \"Sediment quality\nin the Atlantic Coast of Spain,\" Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,\nvol. 23, pp. 271-282, 2004.", "J. Morillo, J. Usero, and I. Gracia, \"Heavy metal distribution in marine\nsediments from the southwest coast of Spain,\" Chemosphere, vol.55, pp.\n431-442, 2004.", "P. Adamo, M. Arienzo, M. Imperato, D. Naimo, G. Nardi, and D.\nStanzione. \"Distribution and partition of heavy metals in surface and\nsub-surface sediments of Naples city port,\" Chemosphere, vol.61, pp.\n800-809, 2005.", "J. Vald\u00e9s, G. Vargas, A. Sifeddine, L. Ortlieb, and M. Guinez,\n\"Distribution and enrichment evaluation of heavy metals in Mejillones\nBay (23 \u252c\u2591S), Northern Chile: geochemical and statistical approach,\"\nMarine Pollution Bulletin, vol.50, pp. 1558-1568, 2005.", "S.R. Taylor, \"Abundance of chemical elements in the continental crust: a\nnew table,\" Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 28, pp. 1273-1285,\n1964.\n[10] G. Birth, A scheme for assessing human impacts on coastal aquatic\nenvironments using sediments. In: Woodcoffe, C.D., Furness, R.A. (Eds),\nCoastal GIS 2003. Wollongong University Papers in Center for Maritime\nPolicy, 14, Australia. 2003.\n[11] G. M\u251c\u255dller, \"Schwermetalle in den sediments des Rheins- Ver\u251c\u00f1nderungen\nseit 1971,\" Umschan, vol.79, pp. 778-783, 1979.\n[12] L. Hakanson, \"An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control, a\nsediment-ecological approach,\" Water Research, vol.14, pp. 975-1001,\n1980.\n[13] W. Guo, X. Liu, Z. Liu, and G. Li, \"Pollution and potential ecological risk\nevaluation of heavy metals in the sediments around Dongjiang Harbor,\nTianjin,\" Procedia Environmental Sciences, vol. 2, pp. 729-736, 2010."]}

The distribution, enrichment, and accumulation of zinc (Zn) in the sediments of Kaohsiung Ocean Disposal Site (KODS), Taiwan were investigated. Sediment samples from two outer disposal site stations and nine disposed stations in the KODS were collected per quarterly in 2009 and characterized for Zn, aluminum, organic matter, and grain size. Results showed that the mean Zn concentrations varied from 48 mg/kg to 456 mg/kg. Results from the enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) analyses imply that the sediments collected from the KODS can be characterized between moderate and moderately severe degree enrichment and between none and none to medium accumulation of Zn, respectively. However, results of potential ecological risk index indicate that the sediment has low ecological potential risk. The EF, Igeo, and Zn concentrations at the disposed stations were slightly higher than those at outer disposal site. This indicated that the disposed area centers may be subjected to the disposal impaction of harbor dredged sediments.

Keywords

ocean dispose; zinc; enrichment factor; potential ecological risk index.

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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