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Un enfoque político-ecológico decolonial sobre casos emblemáticos de ecoturismo comunitario desde abajo: Experiencias Kichwa, Shuar y Tsáchila

Authors: Lalander, Rickard;

Un enfoque político-ecológico decolonial sobre casos emblemáticos de ecoturismo comunitario desde abajo: Experiencias Kichwa, Shuar y Tsáchila

Abstract

Con inspiración teórica de la ecología política, perspectivas decoloniales y la conceptualización de utopías reales, este estudio etnográfico y comparativo trata de las experiencias de proyectos de turismo comunitario indígena desde abajo - iniciados y controlados desde la comunidad - en cuatro regiones de Ecuador. Más específicamente, se presentan los casos de las mujeres Kichwa- amazónicas de Shiripuno, el proyecto Mushily de los Tsáchila de un valle tropical del noroeste ecuatoriano, el caso costeño de Tsuer Entsa de los Shuar, y el proyecto Jatarishun de los Kichwa de la Sierra Norte. Estos casos se consideran emblemáticos e ilustrativos por sus características de ser iniciados y controlados por los mismos comuneros y en beneficio de toda la unidad comunitaria. En el artículo, estos proyectos se interpretan como expresiones tanto de resistencia por derechos y reconocimiento, como de adaptación al sistema capitalista y colonial, pero más que nunca bajo términos indígenas. Se destacan las dimensiones de relaciones de poder y las condiciones para el empoderamiento socioeconómico, cultural y ambiental, así como ciertos dilemas y desafíos, incluso sobre el tema de la autenticidad indígena en cuanto al turismo comunitario como modo de subsistencia principal para la cultura e identidad indígena. La pregunta central de investigación es: ¿Cómo perciben los actores protagonistas indígenas los impactos socioculturales, económicos y ambientales de las actividades turísticas en sus localidades? El resultado de la investigación indica que el turismo comunitario indígena desde abajo puede considerarse una opción viable de modo de subsistencia para las comunidades indígenas, conllevando asimismo el empoderamiento multidimensional.

Drawing theoretical inspiration from political ecology, decolonial perspectives, and the conceptualization of real utopias, this ethnographic and comparative study deals with the experiences of bottom-up Indigenous community tourism projects – initiated and controlled from the community – in four Ecuadorian regions. More specifically, the cases of the Kichwa-Amazonian women of Shiripuno, the Mushily project of the Tsáchila in a tropical valley of northwestern Ecuador, the coastal case of Tsuer Entsa of the Shuar, and the Jatarishun project of the Kichwa of the northern highlands are presented. These are cases that are considered emblematic and illustrative because of their characteristics of being initiated and controlled by the community members themselves and for the benefit of the entire community unit. In the article, these projects are interpreted as expressions of both resistances for rights and recognition, as well as adaptation to the capitalist and colonial system, but more than ever on Indigenous terms. The dimensions of power relations and conditions for socio-economic, cultural, and environmental empowerment are highlighted, as well as certain dilemmas and challenges, including on the issue of Indigenous authenticity in terms of community-based tourism as the main livelihood source for Indigenous culture and identity. The central research question is: How do Indigenous actors perceive the socio-cultural, economic, and environmental impacts of tourism activities in their localities? The research results indicate that Indigenous community tourism from below can be a viable livelihood option for Indigenous communities, leading to multidimensional empowerment.

Country
Sweden
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Keywords

Turismo comunitario desde abajo, Community-based tourism from below, utopías reales., Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified, resistencia indígena, empoderamientos, turismo comunitario desde abajo, Indigenous resistance, real utopias., empowerments, Övrig annan samhällsvetenskap

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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