The emergence of nanotechnology has transformed antimicrobial and cancer treatment methodologies employed by clinicians. Conventional approaches, such as, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy and chemotherapy, now have a contemporary counterpart in nano therapy, presenting a potential alternative. This innovative treatment paradigm holds promise due to its minimal side effects in comparison to traditional methods. Notably, metallic nanoparticles synthesized through green chemistry utilizing biological entities, contribute to the mitigation of side effects while augmenting the metal’s efficiency against cancer cells. These environmentally friendly nanoparticles have become integral in research, demonstrating significant antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activities across diverse cancer cell lines. In this review concentrates on metal nanoparticles, specially silver and gold, synthesized via green chemistry approach. The aim is to explore their impact on inducing cancer cell death, delving into the associated molecular pathways. The primary objective of this review is to discern strategies for expediting the clinical applications of silver and gold nanoparticles based therapeutic systems. The overarching goal is to reduce normal tissue toxicity consequently elevating the overall efficacy of the treatment. Anticipated advancement in nano-medicines are poised to revolutionize future cancer treatment modalities, ushering in a paradigm shift characterized by minimal side effects and enhanced therapeutic outcomes.