Folders The data files are grouped in folders with reference to the manuscript figure(s) in which data from the respective folder are used. Folders streamflow or soilmoisture separate data files between the two hydrological variables used in the analysis. Intermediate foldering is defined as follows: EDFig2cdef: two intermediate folders for the two sensitivity analysis runs presented in Extended Data Figure 2. EDFig3_EDFig4: six intermediate folders for the six distinct global hydrological models (GHMs) used in the analysis. Some GHM folders have only streamflow or soilmoisture folder within, and some have both. EDFig6: two intermediate folders for the two seasons analysed in Extended Data Figure 6. EDFig7: no intermediate foldering. Fig2_Fig4_Fig5_EDFig1_EDFig2ab: one intermediate folder for global results, and one intermediate folder for both of the HydroBASINS data set levels (river basins) used in Figure 4 and Figure 5. Within hybas2 and hybas3, each region (river basin) has its own folder tagged with regionidXX (level 2) and regionidXXX (level 3). The ids correspond to HydroBASINS polygon & raster data that are available in the GitHub code repository. Fig3_Fig5_EDFig5: no intermediate foldering. Data files Each streamflow, soilmoisture, regionidXX or regionidXXX folder may contain the following files: regionid_boundaries_current_status_persistent_transgression_year.csv This file contains the metrics of pre-industrial variability (Fig. 1d), current status (Fig. 1f), relative comparisons between those, and the year when the upper end of pre-industrial variability was persistently transgressed (shown in Fig. 4, but note that the figure shows the year when the persistent transgression had continued for ten consecutive years), separately for summed, dry, and wet local deviations. regionid_land_area_with_local_deviations_annual_mean_ensemble_median_IQR.csv This file contains annual time series of the ensemble median percentage of land area with local deviations, as well as ensemble interquartile ranges, separately for summed, dry, and wet local deviations. Each streamflow or soilmoisture folder may contain the following files: changeclass_areas_all_frequency_changes_ensnNN.csv This file contains aggregated land areas and shares in each combination class formed by statistically significant increases or decreases in the frequency of local deviations (3 x 3 = 9 classes). NN denotes the number of ensemble members used in computing the frequency of local deviations. changeclass_areas_frequency_increases_only_with_magnitude_ensnNN.csv This file contains aggregated land areas and shares in each combination class formed by statistically significant increases in the frequency of local deviations, also separately for minor and major increases (3 x 3 = 9 classes). NN denotes the number of ensemble members used in computing the frequency of local deviations. changeclasses_in_cells_all_frequency_changes_ensnNN.csv This file contains assignments of grid cells into classes formed by statistically significant increases or decreases in the frequency of local deviations (increase, decrease, or no change). NN denotes the number of ensemble members used in computing the frequency of local deviations. changeclasses_in_cells_frequency_increases_only_with_magnitude_ensnNN.csv This file contains assignments of grid cells into classes formed by statistically significant increases in the frequency of local deviations, also separately for minor and major increases (major increase, minor increase, or no change/decrease). NN denotes the number of ensemble members used in computing the frequency of local deviations. Additionally, folders Fig3_Fig5_EDFig5 and EDFig7 contain the following files: combined_frequency_increase_changeclass_areas.csv This file contains aggregated land areas and shares in each combination class formed by statistically significant increases in the frequency of local streamflow and soil moisture deviations, also separately for increases in dry and/or wet local deviations (2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16 classes). combined_frequency_increase_changeclasses_in_cells.csv This file contains assignments of grid cells into classes formed by statistically significant increases in the frequency of local streamflow and soil moisture deviations, also separately for increases in dry and/or wet local deviation frequency (increase or no change/decrease). Usage notes Data file README.txt displays an old manuscript title that was modified after publishing v.1.0.0 in Zenodo. We would not release a new version to correct this change because the change strictly relates to metadata. No numerical data files were affected by the title revision.

Notable shifts beyond pre-industrial streamflow and soil moisture conditions transgress the planetary boundary for freshwater change Miina Porkka, Vili Virkki, Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Dieter Gerten, Tom Gleeson, Chinchu Mohan, Ingo Fetzer, Fernando Jaramillo, Arie Staal, Sofie te Wierik, Arne Tobian, Ruud van der Ent, Petra Döll, Martina Flörke, Simon N. Gosling, Naota Hanasaki, Yusuke Satoh, Hannes Müller Schmied, Niko Wanders, James S. Famiglietti, Johan Rockström, Matti Kummu Published in Nature Waterhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-024-00208-7 Code available in GitHubhttps://github.com/vvirkki/freshwater-pb Corresponding authors of the articleMiina Porkka (miina.porkka@uef.fi) Vili Virkki (vili.virkki@uef.fi) Data repository authorVili Virkki (vili.virkki@uef.fi) Please cite the Nature Water publication if using data from this repository or code from the GitHub repository in another publication.

Data repository for: "Notable shifts beyond pre-industrial streamflow and soil moisture conditions transgress the planetary boundary for freshwater change"