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Caracterización de la piscicultura amazónica ecuatoriana, un panorama de su desarrollo y perspectivas

Characterization of the Ecuadorian Amazon fish farming, an overview at its development and perspectives
Authors: Burgos-Morán, Ricardo; Altamirano-Cantos, Cristina;

Caracterización de la piscicultura amazónica ecuatoriana, un panorama de su desarrollo y perspectivas

Abstract

Esta investigación brinda una visión general de la cadena de producción de peces de agua dulce en la Amazonía ecuatoriana, destacando especies como la tilapia (Oreochromis spp.), paco o cachama (Piaractus brachymopus), paiche (Arapaima aff. gigas), sábalo (Brycon amazonicus), bocachico (Prochilodus nigricans) y bagres amazónicos o surubíes (Pseudoplatystoma spp.). La capacidad productiva de las unidades económicas piscícolas, se evaluaron a través de los datos del registro acuícola oficial, complementados con 50 encuestas a productores y 28 entrevistas a actores claves. La tecnología utilizada en los sistemas de producción y procesamiento, los canales de comercialización, el soporte institucional, los recursos humanos y financieros, la investigación y desarrollo fueron caracterizados. Según los datos obtenidos, participan 2.800 productores con distintos niveles de producción, quienes movilizan un intercambio comercial entre 6 a 12 millones de $USD. Los mayores componentes incluyen: i) Oferta regional de carne de pescado por acuicultura entre 1.600 y 3.200 t/año, 95% Tilapia. ii) Oferta mínima de Alevines de 12 millones/año, al menos 0,6 millones de $USD/año, exportados fuera de la Amazonía. iii) Compras de ración artificial por 2 millones de $USD/año, considerando a 0,95 $USD/kg y una tasa de conversión alimenticia (TCA) de 2:1. Se identificaron cinco grupos de cuellos de botella: institucionales, administrativos, comerciales, tecnológicos y socio-ambientales. Se propone abordarlos mediante: armonización legal de los esquemas de regularización de cultivos; fortalecimiento de procesos administrativos; procesamiento de productos piscícolas con enfoque bioeconómico; fortalecimiento tecnológico de los sistemas productivos piscícolas en la Amazonía. Acciones que buscan optimizar su sostenibilidad y eficiencia. ABSTRACT | This research provides an overview of the freshwater fish production chain in the Ecuadorian Amazon, highlighting species such as tilapia (Oreochromis spp.), pacu (Piaractus brachymopus), paiche (Arapaima aff. gigas), sábalo (Brycon amazonicus), bocachico (Prochilodus nigricans), and Amazonian catfish (Pseudoplatystoma spp.). The study evaluates the productivity of fish farming economic units by analyzing data from the official aquaculture registry, conducting 50 surveys with producers, and 28 interviews with stakeholders. The technology used in production and processing systems, marketing channels, institutional support, human and financial resources, and research and development are also characterized. According to the data obtained, there are 2,800 producers with varying levels of production, resulting in a commercial exchange of 6 to 12 million USD. The main components of this exchange include: i) Regional supply of fish meat from aquaculture, with a range of 1,600 to 3,200 tons per year, with 95% tilapia accounting. ii) A minimum supply of 12 million fingerlings per year, with a value of at least 0.6 million USD, which are exported outside of the Amazon. iii) Purchases of artificial feed totaling 2 million USD per year, with a cost of 0.95 USD per kilogram and a feed conversion rate (FCR) of 2:1. The study identifies five main bottlenecks in the production chain: institutional, administrative, commercial, technological, and socio-environmental. To address these issues, the study proposes the following solutions: harmonization of fish culture regularization schemes, strengthening of administrative processes, processing of fish products with a bioeconomic approach, technological improvements in production systems. These actions seek to optimize its sustainability and efficiency.

Keywords

G, Economic biology, Ecology, peces amazónicos, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, mercado acuícola, QH705-705.5, cadena de valor, tilápia, QH540-549.5

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
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