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Reverse Legendre polynomials

Authors: Steven H. Weintraub;

Reverse Legendre polynomials

Abstract

Let \(\mathcal{P}\) be the vector space of all polynomials, equipped with the inner product \(\langle f(x), g(x)\rangle=\int_{-1}^{1} f(x) g(x) d x\). The Legendre polynomials \(P_{0}(x), P_{1}(x), \ldots\) are the polynomials obtained by applying the Gram-Schmidt procedure to the ordered basis \(\mathcal{B}=\left\{1, x, x^{2}, \ldots\right\}\) of \(\mathcal{P}\), except that the resulting polynomials are normalized by the condition that \(P_{n}(1)=1\) for every \(n\). This paper poses the following question: what happens if the Gram-Schmidt procedure is applied ``from the top down''? For any nonnegative integer \(n\), let \(\mathcal{P}_{n}\) be the vector space of polynomials of degree at most \(n\), equipped with the same inner product, and apply the Gram-Schmidt procedure to the ordered basis \(\mathcal{B}=\left\{x^{n}, x^{n-1}, \ldots, 1\right\}\) of \(\mathcal{P}_{n}\) to obtain polynomials \(\left\{\overleftarrow{P}_{n}^{n}(x), \overleftarrow{P}_{n-1}^{n}(x), \ldots, \overleftarrow{P}_{0}^{n}(x)\right\}\) with the analogous normalization \(\overleftarrow{P}_{k}^{n}(1)=1\) for every \(n, k\). Since these polynomials are obtained by reversing the order of the basis elements, the authors of this paper call these reverse Legendre polynomials. The objective of this paper is to explicitly determine the polynomials \(\left\{\overleftarrow{P}_{k}^{n}(x)\right\}\) and to describe some of their properties.

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Keywords

Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.), Legendre polynomials, quadrature, Basic linear algebra, Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis, Factorials, binomial coefficients, combinatorial functions, orthogonal polynomials, reverse Legendre polynomials, Gram-Schmidt procedure, Approximate quadratures

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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