Identification key to the variously naturalised or casual and escaped alooid species recorded for continental Portugal 1. Racemes distinctly capitate; flowers basally sub-globose-inflated; leaves at maturity adaxially spotted with H-shaped or irregularly-shaped, whitish maculations......................................................................................................................................... Aloe maculata 1’. Racemes broadly or narrowly cone-shaped; flowers not basally globose-inflated; leaves at maturity lacking whitish maculations .. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................2 2. Plants low-growing, lacking a stem or with short stem up to 0.5 m long..........................................................................................3 2’. Plants tall-growing, with distinct, usually much-branched stems and branches, stem> 0.5 m .........................................................4 3. Flowers bright orangey red ............................................................................................................................................ Aloe × nobilis 3’. Flowers yellow ..................................................................................................................................................................... Aloe vera 4. Stem and branches robust, ascending; sheathing leaf base lacking cilia ................................................................. Aloe arborescens 4’. Stem and branches thin, variously scrambling; sheathing leaf base ciliate ..................................... Aloiampelos ciliaris var. ciliaris

Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., Figueiredo, Estrela, Verloove, Filip, Klopper, Ronell R. & Silva, Vasco, 2023, An annotated catalogue of Aloe and Aloiampelos (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae) naturalised and escaped in continental Portugal, pp. 35-52 in Phytotaxa 629 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.629.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/10254755