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ZENODO
Other literature type . 2023
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2023
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2023
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Kinetics of Cadmium Bioaccumulation in Beans of Five Cocoa Varieties

Authors: García, Jennifer; García, Luis; García, Patricia;

Kinetics of Cadmium Bioaccumulation in Beans of Five Cocoa Varieties

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal for cocoa that in high concentrations in chocolate is harmful to health; however, there are hypoaccumulative varieties which can guarantee its innocuousness. The aim was to study the kinetics of Cd accumulation in the beans of five cocoa varieties identifying those of lowest bioaccumulation at the Tulumayo station. As genetic material, five cocoa genotypes S-08 (ICS-95 x UF-296), S-12 (ICS-1 x SCA-6), S-23 (IMC-67 x U-68), S-28 (ICS-39 x U-45) and C-60 (farmer's selection) of different genetic origin were tested. Chemical analyzes of Cd in beans were carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The dispersion data were fitted to a curvilinear polynomial regression model and were analyzed using univariate statistics, Pearson's correlation and biplot analysis. The accumulation of Cd in the cocoa beans showed a reductional trend from June to September (summer) characterized by low rains, with a slight increase from October to November (beginning of winter) in which ones are more frequent, accumulating 0,894 ppm of Cd on average. Also, there was a differential response between genotypes, having S-8 and C-60 varieties the lowest accumulation with 0,650 and 0,815 ppm of Cd, respectively, turning out to be less than or equal to the maximum allowable limit established by the European Commission for chocolates with dry cocoa solids ≥ 50 %, respectively. Positive and highly significant correlations between Cu / Zn (r = 0,869), Mn / Fe (r = 0,755), Fe / Zn (r = 0,655), while negative correlations highly significant for Cd / Zn (r = - 0,667) and Cd / Cu (r = - 0,531) and significant between Cd/Mn (r = 0,365), were found. The biplot analysis showed positive values for Cu and Zn in PC1, that are closer to S-08 than to S-28, while Mn and Cd with negative values in PC2, are closer to S-23 variety. The very distant positions of Zn and Cd with positive values in PC1 and negative in PC2, would show dissimilarity or antagonism between them. The soil chemical analysis (initial and final) did not show substantial differences. Keywords: Biplot analysis, cacao varieties, correlation analysis, cadmium in beans.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average