The review corresponds to the IPBES transformative change assessment. The IPBES scoping document for the transformative change assessment describes that chapter 3 should address how transformative change occurs, focusing on those changes that can be intentionally promoted, accelerated, and scaled to realize a sustainable world where biodiversity can thrive. The chapter provides evidence on theories and frameworks for understanding deliberate, or emergent transformative change. In this context, a review of knowledge focused on building clusters of theories and frameworks of transformative change based on literature on transformative change for sustainability was conducted and is further described below.