Artificial key to the Physalidinae genera including Cataracta gen. nov 1. Fruiting calyx not expanded or similar in size to flowering calyx .................................................................................... Witheringia - Fruiting calyx expanded .....................................................................................................................................................................2 2. Fruiting calyx somewhat expanded, larger than the flowering calyx, but smaller than the mature fruit ...........................................3 - Fruiting calyx highly expanded, as large as or larger than the mature fruit .......................................................................................5 3. Corolla purple, tubular............................................................................................................................................................. Oryctes - Corolla whitish, yellow or yellow green, purple, lobed or rotate.......................................................................................................4 4. Inflorescence with (3) 5–10 (15) flowers, corolla lobed, growing in wet forest in the mountains of Mexico and Central America .. ............................................................................................................................................................................................. Brachistus - Inflorescence with 1–2 flowers, corolla rotate, growing in the arid regions of SW USA and N Mexico ................. Chamaesaracha 5. Fruiting calyx inflated around the fruit or reflexed............................................................................................................................6 - Fruiting calyx tightly covering entire berry or loosely surrounding berry, but open at the apex .....................................................12 6. Fruiting calyx with reflexed lobes......................................................................................................................................................7 - Fruiting calyx inflated, closed at the apex of the lobes ......................................................................................................................8 7. 1–2 flowers in axillary fascicles, corolla less than 3 cm wide, with or without maculations in the throat ............... Capsicophysalis - 6–8 flowers in axillary fascicles, corolla 4–5 cm wide, green maculations consisting of small dots in the throat.... Schraderanthus 8. Flowers solitary .................................................................................................................................................................. Physalis ss - Flowers fasciculate .............................................................................................................................................................................9 9. Corolla unlobed, pentagonal to round when flattened and viewed from the front...........................................................................10 - Corolla stellate, distinctly star-shaped, lobes longer than the corolla ..............................................................................................11 10. Corolla yellow with five dark maculations, growing in coastal plains of the SE of USA .............................................. Calliphysalis - Corolla purple, without maculations, growing in SW USA and N Mexico .......................................................................... Quincula 11. Fruiting calyx red at maturity of the fruit, membranaceous aspect...................................................................................... Alkekengi - Fruiting calyx purple at maturity, papyraceous or leathery aspect............................................... Physalis sugbgen. Physalodendron 12. Corolla rotate, slightly lobed, fruiting calyx tightly enveloping the fruit ........................................................................................13 - Fruiting calyx loosely surrounding berry, open at the apex .............................................................................................................14 13. Fruiting calyx not ribbed nor angled, without ornamentations, plants of North America............................................. Leucophysalis - Fruiting calyx with veins obscure or thickened into angles or ribs, mostly muricate with soft emergences that appear scale-like when dry, plants of Asia ................................................................................................................................................ Physaliastrum 14. Perennial herb, plants of N of Mexico .................................................................................................................. Cataracta gen. nov. - Shrub with soft stems, reclining, fruiting calyx always green, plants of wet forest of S Mexico and Central America........ Tzeltalia

Published as part of Zamora-Tavares, Pilar, Martínez, Mahinda & Vargas-Ponce, Ofelia, 2023, Cataracta, a new monotypic genus segregated from Physalis (Solanaceae), pp. 247-257 in Phytotaxa 616 (3) on pages 250-251, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.616.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/10145937