65b. Papilio bianor bianor Cramer, 1777 Papilio bianor gladiator Fruhstorfer, 1902; D. ent. Z. Iris., 14 (2): 270; TL: ‘Chiem-Hoa’ [Chiem Hoa, N. Vietnam]. P. [apilio] bianor bianor ab. majalis Seitz, 1906; Gross-Schmett. Erde, 1 (1): 10, pl. 3c, f. [2]; TL. ‘Kwang-Tung (z. B. auf Hongkong)’ [Guangdong, China, near Hong Kong]. [IFS] Pap. [ilio] polyctor titus Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Z., 22 (41): 167; TL: ‘ Tonkin, Chiem-Hoa’ [Chiem Hoa, N. Vietnam]. Papilio elegans Chou, Yuan & Wang, 2000; Entomotaxonomia, 22 (4): 266, 273, f. 1–2; TL: ‘Lushan, Sichuan’ [Lushan, Sichuan, China]. [JH] Papilio pulcher Chou, Yuan & Wang, 2000; Entomotaxonomia, 22 (4): 266, 273, f. 3–4; TL: ‘Lushan, Sichuan’ [Lushan, Sichuan, China]. Papilio longimacula Wang & Niu, 2002; Entomotaxonomia, 24 (4): 276, 284, f. 3–4, 18–20; TL: ‘Luoshan, Henan’ [Luoshan, Henan, China]. Achillides polyctor simoni Sturm, 2006; Notes on Papilionidae, 4: 3, f. 1–6; TL: ‘ China, Sichuan, Mt. Quiong-Lai’ [Qionglai Shan, Sichuan, China]. Distribution: mainly found in areas to the east of Ailao Shan in Yunnan; also commonly found in C., S., and E. China, as well as N. Vietnam. Note: Cotton et al. (2021) placed the taxon Papilio bianor gladiator Fruhstorfer, 1902 as a synonym of nominate Papilio bianor. Fruhstorfer described ssp. gladiator based on a series of dark specimens which do not differ significantly from specimens from southern China. He treated occasional green-marked specimens as belonging to a separate species, Papilio polyctor Boisduval, 1836, but these are the result of gene exchange between the two subspecies of Papilio bianor found in Yunnan. Intermediate specimens can be found through the area near the Red and Black River valleys.

Published as part of Hu, Shao-Ji, Cotton, Adam M., Lamas, Gerardo, Duan, Kuang & Zhang, Xin, 2023, Checklist of Yunnan Papilionidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) with nomenclatural notes and descriptions of new subspecies, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5362 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5362.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10149411