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ZENODO
Article . 2023
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Article . 2023
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Article . 2023
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Grandes projetos, fronteiras e Terras Indígenas (TI) na Amazônia: apropriação de recursos naturais, riscos e conflitos socioambientais

Authors: Assunção de Farias, André Luís; de Brito Teixeira, Alex Ricardo; dos Santos Brito, João Gabriel;

Grandes projetos, fronteiras e Terras Indígenas (TI) na Amazônia: apropriação de recursos naturais, riscos e conflitos socioambientais

Abstract

Abstract Under the neo-extractivist capitalist mode of production, borders are being dissolved without first disintegrating territories, cultures and worlds. Transformations accumulate in ecology and among peoples, both within national territorial boundaries and at borders between countries, as exemplified by the Venezuela-Brazil border. In the Amazon, this process involves the presence of capital and the state, with widespread diffusion of large projects for the appropriation of natural resources, forging a contradictory and conflict-ridden dynamic. Thus, the research aims to understand the private appropriation of natural resources, as well as the risks and conflicts produced by large projects that (de)structure borders. For this purpose, the research methodology is based on a political ecology approach, utilizing bibliographic and documentary data. For the case of the Mother Maria Indigenous Land (MMIL), data from the MapBiomas platform were used and processed with geoprocessing tools. The results showed that the surrounding area, or the internal border, of MMIL underwent an intense process of vegetation replacement, driven by large cattle ranching, road, and railway projects. Regarding the Yanomami Indigenous Land, the findings indicate the pressure from large mining and road projects, with the integration of an illegal gold extraction circuit that has resulted in environmental pollution, explicit violence, and health issues on both sides of the Brazil-Venezuela border. Therefore, the essay suggests alternatives such as the creation of buffer zones, strengthening of the demarcation of indigenous areas, and the reconstruction of environmental management at both national and Pan-Amazonian levels. Over a longer timeframe and with increased intensity in social activism, it points to the necessity of a structural shift away from the predatory economic model.

Resumo Sob o modo de produção capitalista neoextrativista, as fronteiras estão sendo diluídas sem antes desintegrar territórios, culturas e mundos. Acumulam-se transformações à ecologia e aos povos, em limites territoriais nacionais, assim como nas fronteiras entre países, a exemplo de Venezuela-Brasil. Na Amazônia, esse processo envolve a presença do capital e do Estado, com ampla difusão de grandes projetos para apropriação dos bens naturais, forjando uma dinâmica contraditória e conflituosa. Assim, a pesquisa objetiva compreender a apropriação privada dos recursos naturais, riscos e conflitos produzidos por grandes projetos que (des)estruturam as fronteiras. Para tal, a metodologia utilizou a abordagem da ecologia política, com dados bibliográficos e documentais e, para o caso da Terra Indígena Mãe Maria (TIMM), com dados da plataforma MapBiomas, tratados com ferramentas de geoprocessamento. Os resultados demonstraram que a zona de entorno - a fronteira interna - da TIMM sofreu um intenso processo de substituição de vegetação, pressionada por grandes projetos agropecuários, rodoviários e ferroviários. Em relação à TI Yanomami (TIY), indicam a pressão dos grandes projetos minerários e rodoviários, com a integração de um circuito ilegal de extração de ouro, objetivado em poluição ambiental, violência explícita e adoecimentos em ambos os lados da fronteira Brasil-Venezuela. Dessa forma, o ensaio aponta como alternativa a criação de zonas de amortecimento, o fortalecimento da demarcação de áreas indígenas e a reconstrução da gestão ambiental em nível nacional e pan-amazônico. Num espaço temporal maior e com intensidade da luta social, indica a mudança estrutural do modelo econômico predatório.

Keywords

Amazônia, Neo-extractivism, Grandes projetos, Terras Indígenas, Large projects, Neoextrativismo, Indigenous Lands, Fronteiras, Ecologia política, Amazon, Political ecology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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