Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has emerged as the cornerstone of diagnostic efforts in the detection of corona viruses, particularly the formidable SARS-CoV-2 responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse applications of RT-PCR in corona virus detection. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR render it indispensable in early-stage diagnosis, enabling prompt isolation and treatment of infected individuals. Moreover, RT-PCR's ability to quantitatively analyze viral load allows for dynamic tracking of infection progression and the evaluation of therapeutic interventions. In addition to its clinical utility, RT-PCR plays a pivotal role in population-wide screening and surveillance programs, offering crucial insights for public health interventions. The adaptability of RT-PCR to detect specific genetic markers associated with viral variants is paramount in monitoring viral evolution and understanding its spread. Furthermore, this review highlights the pivotal role of RT-PCR in the development and evaluation of vaccines and antiviral drugs, providing invaluable data for vaccine efficacy studies and immune response assessments.