Abstract Background Information Diabetes mellitus is an escalating global health concern, especially in low and middle-income countries. The high cost and inaccessibility of diagnostic tools in resource-constrained settings have heightened the need for alternative screening methods. Handgrip strength (HGS), a measure of muscle strength, emerges as a potential non-invasive and affordable screening tool for diabetes, particularly in areas with limited healthcare access. Objective To investigate the relationship between handgrip strength and blood glucose regulation in non-diabetic young adults and to provide valuable insights into the potential of handgrip strength as a preventive and affordable approach to managing diabetes. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 59 students (aged 18-21) from the University of Ilorin, Nigeria. Handgrip strength was measured using a dynamometer, and its relationship with blood glucose regulatory markers, such as fasting blood glucose, 2-hour post-prandial glucose, and HbA1c, was analyzed. Multiple regression models were utilized to examine the potential associations. Results Findings revealed significant associations between HGS and glucose regulation markers, particularly FBS, among males. In females, the relationship was evident only after adjusting for body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, a notable relationship between HGS and 2-hour post-prandial glucose levels was observed in females but not in males. However, no significant associations were found between HGS and serum insulin levels across genders. Conclusion Our study introduces HGS as a practical and cost-effective screening tool for blood glucose regulation disorders, aligning with existing literature and offering a personalized approach to management. In resource-constrained settings, HGS becomes significant, addressing diagnostic barriers and potentially revolutionizing diabetes management. However, limitations include a small sample size of 59 students and restrictions to specific demographics, emphasizing the need for future studies in diverse populations to validate HGS’s efficacy in real-world, resource-constrained settings.