A cohort of 47 TMA sections from 114 patients was collected from Liaoning cancer hospital \& Institute, where each TMA section has the size of 188,416$\times$110,080 pixels (i.e., 42660.87um$\times$24924.15um) at 40$\times$ magnification. TMA sections contain different number of tissue cores, ranging from 28 to 48. After excluding poor quality TMA sections with tissue folding, missing or contamination, there are totally 114 patients. Each patient has tissue cores with 12 different IHC stains, including CD3, CD20, CD34, CD38, CD68, CDK4, cyclin-D1, D2-40, FAP, Ki67, P53, and SMA. Two pathologists have manually labeled clear tissue regions (i.e., without controversy) in TMA sections based on visual examination via Qupath software, where six tissue types including Alveoli, Immune cells, Nerosis, Other, Stroma, Tumor were annotated. Besides the annotated six tissue types, we added one more Background type. To build histological classification models, we split 309,698 image patches in MIHIC dataset into three sets: training, validation and test. Note that image patches extracted from the same annotated tissue region are distributed into the same set, which avoids data leakage during classification model optimization. According to the number of extracted ROIs, train, val and test accounted for 64\%, 16\% and 20\%. if you use this dataset, please cite: @article{wang2024mihic, title={MIHIC: a multiplex IHC histopathological image classification dataset for lung cancer immune microenvironment quantification}, author={Wang, Ranran and Qiu, Yusong and Wang, Tong and Wang, Mingkang and Jin, Shan and Cong, Fengyu and Zhang, Yong and Xu, Hongming}, journal={Frontiers in Immunology}, volume={15}, year={2024}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA} }