The global prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) has been on a rising trend in the past decade. Currently, no definitive treatment exists and the prime focus stays on rehabilitation strategies when it comes to managing children with developmental disabilities. Alternative interventions, therefore, have gained considerable interest among researchers. One such form of intervention utilizes music therapeutically to target diverse neural networks pertaining to cognitive, sensorimotor and language functions. Although various studies have reported conflicting results regarding the therapeutic value of use of music therapy in children with NDDs, the existing body of evidence is encouraging.Largely, children with autism spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy and specific learning disability (dyslexia) have demonstrated a favorable response to some extent. However, no uniform consensus exists among the published studies with respect to acoustic features, type of musical instrument employed, and duration of intervention and outcome measures. Neurophysiological correlates of music training explored by the limited available imaging studies have provided further insight into this complementary treatment approach. In this article, we aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the effect of music in the modulation of various developmental processes and evidence from literature regarding the role of music therapy in the rehabilitation of common neurodevelopmental disorders.