Psychosocial safety climate (PSC) shapes worker well-being, yet no review has focused on construction workers in developing countries, where informal, resource-constrained conditions differ from the Western settings dominating PSC research. This study presents the first systematic review of how PSC relates to worker well-being in this context. Following PRISMA 2020, three databases (Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect) were searched from 2010 to 2025 using PICO; from 102 records, three studies using validated PSC instruments were included. PSC was positively associated with job satisfaction and safety performance; mental-health evidence was only indirect, and physical health untested. All three studies came from China, exposing a critical evidence gap across other developing regions. Positioning PSC as a dimension of social sustainability that links lower stress and absenteeism to productivity, the review calls for context-specific, longitudinal, and multi-country studies and for leadership-training and peer-support policies.