Motivation: We accessed published and unpublished floristic sources to compile a comprehensive species list of the Iberian-Balearic terrestrial vascular flora and generate AFLIBER, an accurate floristic database of georeferenced plant occurrence records. Main type of variable contained: Species distribution data totaling 1,824,549 plant occurrence records corresponding to 6,456 species and subspecies. Spatial location and grain: The western Mediterranean, including inland territories of Spain, Portugal and Andorra and the adjacent archipelagos of Berlengas, Columbretes, and Balearic Islands, covered by 6,316 UTM quadrangular grid-cells of 10-km resolution. Time period: All distributional trustable records were considered to create the AFLIBER database, most of them dating from the 1960s onwards. Major taxa and level of measurement: Terrestrial vascular plant species and subspecies. Software format: Data are supplied as comma‐separated text files (csv).