performance_fmriThe file "performance_fmri.xlsx" contains the behavioral data under fMRI scanning for each subject (Dataset 1-fMRI).fmri_task_activation_voxelwiseThe file "fmri_task_activation_voxelwise.zip" contains the data for voxel-wise activation during the stop-signal task for each subject (contrast: Stop success minus Go success; Dataset 1-fMRI). In each subject folder, the files of con and T maps in MNI space are included.parcellationThe file "parcellation.zip" contains the data of cortical parcellation for each subject. The files in each subject folder can be viewed by using wb_view in Connectome Workbench (https://www.humanconnectome.org/software/connectome-workbench). The parcels and borders are displayed in each subject's original space. In the file "parcel_center_coords.txt" within each subject folder, normalized MNI coordinates of each parcel center are listed. In the file "individual_parcel_numbers.xlsx", the parcel numbers of IFC, preSMA, IPS and TPJ for each subject are listed.fmri_task_activation_parcelwiseThe file "fmri_task_activation_parcelwise.zip" contains the data of parcel-based activation during the stop-signal task for each subject (contrast: Stop success minus Go success; Dataset 1-fMRI). The files in each subject folder can be viewed by using wb_view. The parcel-based task activation maps are displayed in each subject's original space.fmri_rsfc_parcelwiseThe file "fmri_rsfc_parcelwise.zip" contains the data of parcel-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) for each subject (Dataset 1-fMRI). Each subject folder contains the files of the parcel-based RSFC maps with the seed of IFC or preSMA. The files can be viewed by using wb_view. The RSFC maps are displayed in each subject's original space. The mat file ("sXX_R_RSFC_z.mat") in each subject folder contains RSFC z-values (parcel×parcel) for each subject.tms_task_performanceThe file "tms_task_performance.zip" contains the data for TMS effects on IPS and TPJ during response inhibition for each subject (Dataset 1-TMS and Dataset 2-TMS). The following four Excel files are contained: "performance_dataset1-tms_ips.xlsx", "performance_dataset1-tms_tpj.xlsx", "performance_dataset2-tms_ips.xlsx", and "performance_dataset2-tms_tpj.xlsx". The behavioral data (Stim and No-stim) for each time window are contained in each file.README

The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) features close anatomical and functional relationships with the prefrontal cortex. However, the necessity of the PPC in executive functions has been questioned. The present study employed the stop-signal task to examine response inhibition, an executive function that inhibits prepotent response tendency. The brain activity and resting-state functional connectivity were measured to analyze a parcellation-based network that was aimed at identifying a candidate PPC region essential for response inhibition in humans. The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) was activated during response inhibition and connected with the inferior frontal cortex and the presupplementary motor area, the two frontal regions known to be necessary for response inhibition. Next, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to test the essential role of the IPS region for response inhibition. TMS over the IPS region prolonged the stop-signal reaction time (SSRT), the standard behavioral index used to evaluate stopping performance, when stimulation was applied 30 to 0 msec before stopping. On the contrary, stimulation over the temporoparietal junction region, an area activated during response inhibition but lacking connectivity with the two frontal regions, did not show changes in SSRT. These results indicate that the IPS identified using the parcellation-based network plays an essential role in executive functions.