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Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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Recrutement des apprenti·e·s en Suisse : des critères de sélection à géométrie variable

Recruitment of apprentices in Switzerland : the variability of selection criteria
Authors: Duc, Barbara; Lamamra, Nadia;

Recrutement des apprenti·e·s en Suisse : des critères de sélection à géométrie variable

Abstract

Im Schweizer Berufsbildungssystem ist die Rekrutierung von Lernenden kaum staatlich reguliert und wird hauptsächlich den Lehrbetrieben überlassen. Basierend auf den Aussagen von Berufsbildnern und Berufsbildnerinnen in Lehrbetrieben versucht dieser Beitrag, den Prozess der Rekrutierung von Lernenden und die verwendeten Selektionskriterien besser zu verstehen. Diese werden in der Reihenfolge ihrer Bedeutung präsentiert. Die Motivation, die schulischen Leistungen und die Sozialkompetenzen stehen an einer prominenten Stelle. Jedoch wird ein weniger häufiges Kriterium betont, nämlich das autochthone Kapital. Diese Ergebnisse ermöglichen es, die Vielfalt und auch die Variabilität der Auswahlkriterien hervorzuheben und die Diskriminierungsrisiken zu diskutieren, die mit jedem dieser Kriterien verbunden sind.

Dans le système d’apprentissage suisse, le recrutement des apprenti·e·s est très peu régulé par l’État et est largement laissé à la charge des entreprises formatrices. En se basant sur les discours de formateurs et formatrices en entreprise, cette contribution vise à mieux comprendre le processus de recrutement des apprenti·e·s et les critères de sélection utilisés. Ceux-ci sont présentés par ordre d’importance. La motivation, les résultats scolaires et le savoir-être occupent une place de choix. Cependant, un critère moins fréquent est mis en évidence, le capital d’autochtonie. Ces résultats permettent de souligner la variété et aussi la variabilité des critères de sélection ainsi que de discuter des risques de discrimination attachés à chacun d’entre eux.

En el sistema de aprendizaje suizo, la contratación de aprendices está muy poco regulada por el Estado y se deja en gran medida en manos de las empresas formadoras. Sobre la base de los discursos de los formadores de las empresas, esta contribución pretende comprender mejor el proceso de contratación de los aprendices y los criterios de selección utilizados, que se presentan por orden de importancia. La motivación, los resultados académicos y el "saber ser" ocupan un lugar privilegiado. Sin embargo, se destaca un criterio menos frecuente : el capital de ser autóctono. Estos resultados permiten poner de manifiesto la variedad y también la variabilidad de los criterios de selección y discutir los riesgos de discriminación vinculados con cada uno de ellos.

In the Swiss apprenticeship system, the recruitment of apprentices is hardly regulated by the state and is largely left to the training companies. Based on the views of on-the-job trainers, this paper aims to gain a better understanding of the process of recruiting apprentices and the selection criteria used. These are presented in order of importance. Motivation, academic results, and soft skills are given a place of choice. However, a less frequent criterion is highlighted, namely, autochthony capital. These results make it possible to highlight the variety and also the variability of the selection criteria, and to discuss the risks of discrimination attached to each of them.

Keywords

contratación, aprendizaje, criterio de contratación, recrutement, Lehrausbildung, apprentissage, critère d'embauche, Einstellung, inégalités, recruitment, Suiza, inequalities, Schweiz, Ungleichheiten, desigualdades, Suisse, hiring criteria, apprenticeship, Switzerland, Einstellungskriterium

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citations
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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