The taxonomy of three Garcinia species, G. cowa var. cowa , G. oliveri , and G. schomburgkiana (section Brindonia , Clusiaceae), is revised for Thailand. All three species have edible fruits, young shoots, and leaves with a sour taste. Morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided, along with notes on distribution, phenology, conservation status, etymology, vernacular names, uses, specimens examined, habitats, and ecology. Four taxa, G. cochinchinensis , G. fusca , G. nigrolineata , and G. plena , are newly synonymized under G. cowa var. cowa , and two taxa, G. delpyana and G. bancana var. curtisii, are newly synonymized under G. oliveri . Ten names are lectotypified here, including six synonyms of G. cowa var. cowa ( G. cochinchinensis , G. fusca , G. kunstleri , G. loureiroi , G. nigrolineata , and G. plena ), G. oliveri and its two synonyms ( G. delpyana and G. curtisii ), and G. schomburgkiana . All three species have a conservation status of Least Concern (LC).