The Botanical Garden of Perm State University was founded in 1916 and has a suitable site for studying urban invertebrate fauna. However, despite this, very few studies have been conducted on this topic over the past 100 years. Only a few individual works on greenhouse pests have been done. The first studies of the spider fauna on the territory of the botanical garden began in 2012. Studies of the seasonal activity of individual species, the composition of spider communities in uncultivated areas and alien species living in greenhouses have been conducted over the past 10 years. This paper summarises primary field data from studies on the fauna of ground-dwelling spiders in open areas and greenhouses of PSU's Botanical Garden, collected in 2012 and during the period 2021–2024. The dataset "Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of PSU’s Botanical Garden (Perm, Russia)" describes the assemblage structure of spiders (list of species and their abundance), age-sex composition and seasonal dynamics. The dataset includes 714 events and 3468 corresponding occurrences. In total, 9088 specimens were collected, representing 114 species from 78 genera and 17 families. About 8400 individuals were identified to the species level. The dataset is complemented by a detailed description of the vegetation coverage at the study sites. This dataset considerably expands the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data on the distribution of spiders in the Urals. It provides new important information about urban fauna in general, as well as data on greenhouse and agrocenosis populations. Occurrences from both outdoor and indoor areas add a unique survey of microhabitats to the regional spider records available through GBIF.