In this paper, the Afrotropical species of the genus Antheua Walker, 1855 are revised based on morphological assessments. The genus comprises 44 valid species, 19 of which are described as new to science: Antheua obtusipuncta sp. nov., A. lobo sp. nov., A. lemona sp. nov., A. nicholsonrobertsi sp. nov., A. hirutae sp. nov., A. smithi sp. nov., A. galbina sp. nov., conspicuana sp. nov., politzari sp. nov., A. reducta sp. nov., A. lungu sp. nov., A. lunda sp. nov., A. kaffa sp. nov., A. melanotornata sp. nov., A. pyrasa sp. nov., A. editae sp. nov., A. magnipuncta sp. nov., A. triloris sp. nov., A. interstincta sp. nov., and Parazana Bethune-Baker, 1911 stat. rev. treated formerly as a synonym of Antheua, is reinstated as a valid genus comprising two species: Parazana albifasciata (Hampson, 1910) comb. nov. and Parazana rufovittata (Aurivillius, 1901) comb. nov. Seven new synonyms are introduced: Antheua gaedei Kiriakoff, 1962 syn. nov. = Antheua trivitta Hampson, 1910, Antheua olivaceomicans Strand, 1912 syn. nov. = Antheua spurcata Walker, 1864, Rigema ungulata Berio, 1938 syn. nov. = Antheua nigristriga (de Joannis, 1913), Antheua birbirana Viette, 1954 syn. nov. = Antheua croceipuncta Hampson, 1910, Antheua benguelana Viette, 1954 syn. nov. and Antheua trimacula Kiriakoff, 1954 syn. nov. = Antheua insignata Gaede, 1928, and Parazana radiata Bethune-Baker, 1911 syn. nov. = Parazana albifasciata (Hampson, 1910). Antheua imitata (Druce, 1896) comb. nov., Antheua lydenburgi (Distant, 1899) comb. nov., Antheua angolana (Strand, 1912) comb. nov., and Antheua acholi Bethune-Baker, 1908 stat. rev., comb. nov. are transferred to Antheua from the genus Phalera Hübner, 1819, and the latter species is reinstated as valid species from synonymy with Antheua atrata (Grünberg, 1907). A new subspecies, A. imitata hespera ssp. nov. is described for the West African populations of the species. Antheua nigristriga (de Joannis, 1913) stat. rev., comb. nov. is reinstated from synonymy with Antheua atrata (Grünberg, 1907) and transferred to Antheua from Phalera. Antheua anomala Berio, 1937 is downgraded to subspecies of Antheua tricolor Walker, 1855: Antheua tricolor anomala Berio, 1937 stat. nov. Adults and genitalia of all taxa are figured through their primary types (where available) and additional specimens demonstrating intraspecific variability. The currently known distribution of all taxa is illustrated on individual dot maps. A dendrogram generated using Maximum Likelihood analysis of DNA barcodes illustrates the phylogenetic relationships between A. imitata and closely related taxa.