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Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have been extensively proposed as ideal tools for point-of-care (POC) testing with minimal user training and technical requirements. However, most μPADs use dried bioreagents, which complicate production, reduce device reproducibility and stability, and require transport and storage under temperature and humidity-controlled conditions. In this work, we propose a μPAD produced using an affordable craft-cutter and stored at room temperature, which is used to partially automate a single-step colorimetric magneto-immunoassay. As a proof-of-concept, the μPAD has been applied to the quantitative detection of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (Pf-LDH), a biomarker of malaria infection. In this system, detection is based on a single-step magneto-immunoassay that consists of a single 5-min incubation of the lysed blood sample with immuno-modified magnetic beads (MB), detection antibody, and an enzymatic signal amplifier (Poly-HRP). This mixture is then transferred to a single-piece paper device where, after on-chip MB magnetic concentration and washing, signal generation is achieved by adding a chromogenic enzyme substrate. The colorimetric readout is achieved by the naked eye or using a smartphone camera and free software for image analysis. This μPAD afforded quantitative Pf-LDH detection in <15 min, with a detection limit of 6.25 ng mL−1 when the result was interpreted by the naked eye and 1.4 ng mL−1 when analysed using the smartphone imaging system. Moreover, the study of a battery of clinical samples revealed concentrations of Pf-LDH that correlated with those provided by the reference ELISA and with better sensitivity than a commercial rapid diagnostic test (RDT). These results demonstrate that magneto-immunoassays can be partly automated by employing a μPAD, achieving a level of handling that approaches the requirements of POC testing.
Plasmodium falciparum, Magnetic particles, Malaria quantitative diagnosis, TECHNOLOGY, INDUSTRY, AND AGRICULTURE::Technology, Industry, and Agriculture::Technology::Miniaturization::Nanotechnology, Article, Assay automation, immuno-modified magnetic beads, paper-based diagnostic device, Diagnòstic, smartphone colorimetric detection, ATENCIÓN DE SALUD::administración de los servicios de salud::gestión de la atención al paciente::sistemas de atención en la cabecera del paciente::análisis de diagnóstico inmediato, Low-cost assay, Immuno-modified magnetic beads, Lactate Dehydrogenases, Point-of-care (POC), malaria quantitative diagnosis, TECNOLOGÍA, INDUSTRIA Y AGRICULTURA::tecnología, industria y agricultura::tecnología::miniaturización::nanotecnología, Immunoassay, Nanotecnologia, ANALYTICAL, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES, AND EQUIPMENT::Investigative Techniques::Immunologic Techniques::Immunoassay, Magnetic Phenomena, Quantitative diagnosis, Reproducibility of Results, low-cost assay automation, Malaria, Point-of-care testing, point-of-care testing, Immunologia - Tècnica, Smartphone colorimetric detection, Point-of-Care Testing, TÉCNICAS Y EQUIPOS ANALÍTICOS, DIAGNÓSTICOS Y TERAPÉUTICOS::técnicas de investigación::técnicas inmunológicas::inmunoanálisis, Paper-based diagnostic device, Low-cost assay automation, HEALTH CARE::Health Services Administration::Patient Care Management::Point-of-Care Systems::Point-of-Care Testing, Paper diagnostic device, Biosensor, TP248.13-248.65, Biotechnology
Plasmodium falciparum, Magnetic particles, Malaria quantitative diagnosis, TECHNOLOGY, INDUSTRY, AND AGRICULTURE::Technology, Industry, and Agriculture::Technology::Miniaturization::Nanotechnology, Article, Assay automation, immuno-modified magnetic beads, paper-based diagnostic device, Diagnòstic, smartphone colorimetric detection, ATENCIÓN DE SALUD::administración de los servicios de salud::gestión de la atención al paciente::sistemas de atención en la cabecera del paciente::análisis de diagnóstico inmediato, Low-cost assay, Immuno-modified magnetic beads, Lactate Dehydrogenases, Point-of-care (POC), malaria quantitative diagnosis, TECNOLOGÍA, INDUSTRIA Y AGRICULTURA::tecnología, industria y agricultura::tecnología::miniaturización::nanotecnología, Immunoassay, Nanotecnologia, ANALYTICAL, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES, AND EQUIPMENT::Investigative Techniques::Immunologic Techniques::Immunoassay, Magnetic Phenomena, Quantitative diagnosis, Reproducibility of Results, low-cost assay automation, Malaria, Point-of-care testing, point-of-care testing, Immunologia - Tècnica, Smartphone colorimetric detection, Point-of-Care Testing, TÉCNICAS Y EQUIPOS ANALÍTICOS, DIAGNÓSTICOS Y TERAPÉUTICOS::técnicas de investigación::técnicas inmunológicas::inmunoanálisis, Paper-based diagnostic device, Low-cost assay automation, HEALTH CARE::Health Services Administration::Patient Care Management::Point-of-Care Systems::Point-of-Care Testing, Paper diagnostic device, Biosensor, TP248.13-248.65, Biotechnology
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