Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Grassroots Journal o...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
ZENODO
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
versions View all 2 versions
addClaim

Identifying the Enablers, Intermediaries, Experiences and Responses: A Virtual Reality Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Tourism Development

Authors: Zaki Hasan; Junaid Rehman; Muhammad Ibrahim Shamsi; Muhammad Shahzeb Khan;

Identifying the Enablers, Intermediaries, Experiences and Responses: A Virtual Reality Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Tourism Development

Abstract

This study presents a novel conceptual framework to understand the adoption of Virtual Reality (VR) by the tourism industry. Using Diffusion of Innovation (DoI), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as guiding theories, the proposed framework is structured across four key stages: Drivers, Intermediaries, Lived Experiences, and Responses. At the Drivers Stage, bottom-line foundational factors, such as Technological Innovativeness, Quality Content (QC), and Cultural Compatibility (CC), are suggested in order for the VR to be embraced and adopted effectively. At the Intermediaries Stage, Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), Effort Expectancy (EF), Environmental Condition (EC), and Facilitating Conditions (FC) are suggested to further elevate the lived experience. The interplay of experiential and socio-cultural factors suggested as moderators strengthens the VR learning outcomes of the individuals. The Lived Experience stage captures the true interaction of the users with VR technologies in order to understand how experiencing VR technologies can influence user perception. Finally, the Responses Stage represents the VR adoption outcomes via user Behavioural Changes (BC), Willingness to Sacrifice (WS), and Destination Loyalty (DL). These experiential outcomes additionally suggest the application of VR technologies as an alternative to conventional tourism activities. Overall, the proposed VR tourism framework serves as a guiding roadmap by offering strategic insights coupled with working mechanisms for key tourism industry stakeholders such as tour operators, tourists, and tourism authorities. Particularly, the framework offers how VR-enabled trends and innovations can augment tourist experience and reshape the overall tourism industry, particularly in developing economies.

Keywords

Sustainable Tourism; TAM; UTAUT; VR tourism; Lived experience; VR sestination loyalty; SDGs

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
gold