IN the last three and twenty years I have had the good fortune on several occasions to visit various parts both of Transylvania and of the countries which immediately surround it. Although my visits have been mainly connected with matters of archseological or historical interest rather than with pure geography, I have ventured to accept the kind invitation of your Council to address you to-night, hoping that what I shall say may be deemed to come within the limits of geographical science. The photographs with which this lecture is illustrated have nearly all been taken by my wife, Mrs. Dickinson Berry, m.d., who has accompanied me on all my journeys in Transylvania and Rumania. The maps with few exceptions have been drawn and coloured for me by my friend Lieutenant Count di Borelli, of the Serbian Army. I am indebted also to the officials of the Society for much kind help.