Sleep is a fundamental biological process essential for maintaining physical health,cognitive function, and emotional well-being. However, sleep disorders have become increasingly prevalent worldwide due to lifestyle changes, technological advancements, and rising stress levels. Conditions such as insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and circadian rhythm disorders significantly affect quality of life and contribute to numerous health complications. This review examines the causes, prevalence, consequences, diagnosis, and management of sleep disorders. The paper highlights the relationship between poor sleep and chronic diseases, mental health conditions, and reduced productivity. Effective diagnosis and treatment strategies are essential to improve overall health outcomes and reduce the burden of sleep-related disorders.