Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as one of the most significant public health challenges of the 21st century. Characterized by insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism, T2DM affects millions of individuals worldwide and is associated with severe complications including cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, neuropathy, and vision impairment. Rapid urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy dietary habits, and increasing obesity rates have contributed to the growing prevalence of the disease. This review examines the epidemiology, risk factors, complications, prevention strategies, and management approaches associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Understanding these factors is essential for reducing disease burden and improving health outcomes globally.